Spectres of Clock Evolution: Past, Present, and Yet to Come

Jabbur, Maria Luísa; Johnson, Carl Hirschie

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.815847

Cited by 21 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…But why do most ancestral species present today tend to have more CRY/PLs? One reason is certainly the increased UV radiation at the beginning of life (3500 Mya), which was about 500 times higher than today and consequently caused DNA damages making photolyases indispensable [ 47 , 156 ]. A further reason includes the severe collapses occurring later in Earth’s history resulted in mass extinctions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gain and Loss of Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Members during Evolution

Deppisch

Helfrich‐Förster

Senthilan

2022

Genes

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The cryptochrome/photolyase (CRY/PL) family represents an ancient group of proteins fulfilling two fundamental functions. While photolyases repair UV-induced DNA damages, cryptochromes mainly influence the circadian clock. In this study, we took advantage of the large number of already sequenced and annotated genes available in databases and systematically searched for the protein sequences of CRY/PL family members in all taxonomic groups primarily focusing on metazoans and limiting the number of species per taxonomic order to five. Using BLASTP searches and subsequent phylogenetic tree and motif analyses, we identified five distinct photolyases (CPDI, CPDII, CPDIII, 6-4 photolyase, and the plant photolyase PPL) and six cryptochrome subfamilies (DASH-CRY, mammalian-type MCRY, Drosophila-type DCRY, cnidarian-specific ACRY, plant-specific PCRY, and the putative magnetoreceptor CRY4. Manually assigning the CRY/PL subfamilies to the species studied, we have noted that over evolutionary history, an initial increase of various CRY/PL subfamilies was followed by a decrease and specialization. Thus, in more primitive organisms (e.g., bacteria, archaea, simple eukaryotes, and in basal metazoans), we find relatively few CRY/PL members. As species become more evolved (e.g., cnidarians, mollusks, echinoderms, etc.), the CRY/PL repertoire also increases, whereas it appears to decrease again in more recent organisms (humans, fruit flies, etc.). Moreover, our study indicates that all cryptochromes, although largely active in the circadian clock, arose independently from different photolyases, explaining their different modes of action.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Gain and Loss of Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Members during Evolution

Deppisch

Helfrich‐Förster

Senthilan

2022

Genes

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“…Humans are immersed in what has been called the “circadian landscape” ( 1 ), with circadian (and other biological) rhythms being highly pervasive and ubiquitous, and affecting every ecosystem on the planet, being phylogenetically widespread, from protists and bacteria to plants, insects, fishes, birds, mammals, and other animals ( 2 , 3 ). From an ecological and evolutionary perspective, circadian and other biological rhythms are extremely ancient and are hypothesized to enhance the fitness of the organisms, enabling them to better and more efficiently use and allocate resources and allowing for proper internal temporal order ( 4 ).…”

Section: Circadian and Other Biological Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary sleep medicine: Studying sleep at the individual, population, and planetary level

Bragazzi

Garbarino

Puce

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Circadian rhythms are a series of endogenous autonomous oscillators that are generated by the molecular circadian clock which coordinates and synchronizes internal time with the external environment in a 24-h daily cycle (that can also be shorter or longer than 24 h). Besides daily rhythms, there exist as well other biological rhythms that have different time scales, including seasonal and annual rhythms. Circadian and other biological rhythms deeply permeate human life, at any level, spanning from the molecular, subcellular, cellular, tissue, and organismal level to environmental exposures, and behavioral lifestyles. Humans are immersed in what has been called the “circadian landscape,“ with circadian rhythms being highly pervasive and ubiquitous, and affecting every ecosystem on the planet, from plants to insects, fishes, birds, mammals, and other animals. Anthropogenic behaviors have been producing a cascading and compounding series of effects, including detrimental impacts on human health. However, the effects of climate change on sleep have been relatively overlooked. In the present narrative review paper, we wanted to offer a way to re-read/re-think sleep medicine from a planetary health perspective. Climate change, through a complex series of either direct or indirect mechanisms, including (i) pollution- and poor air quality-induced oxygen saturation variability/hypoxia, (ii) changes in light conditions and increases in the nighttime, (iii) fluctuating temperatures, warmer values, and heat due to extreme weather, and (iv) psychological distress imposed by disasters (like floods, wildfires, droughts, hurricanes, and infectious outbreaks by emerging and reemerging pathogens) may contribute to inducing mismatches between internal time and external environment, and disrupting sleep, causing poor sleep quantity and quality and sleep disorders, such as insomnia, and sleep-related breathing issues, among others. Climate change will generate relevant costs and impact more vulnerable populations in underserved areas, thus widening already existing global geographic, age-, sex-, and gender-related inequalities.

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“…for alignment and anticipation), and 'internal' by maintaining temporal order (i.e. for physiological coordination and compartmentalization) [1]. Circadian clocks, which organize diel timing, are found in most organisms, whereas circannual, circalunar and circatidal clocks have been described in fewer species, albeit also across the tree of life [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine–circadian interactions in birds: implications when nights are no longer dark

Helm,

Greives,

Zeman

2024

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Biological clocks are evolved time-keeping systems by which organisms rhythmically coordinate physiology within the body, and align it with rhythms in their environment. Clocks are highly sensitive to light and are at the interface of several major endocrine pathways. Worryingly, exposure to artificial-light-at-night (ALAN) is rapidly increasing in ever more extensive parts of the world, with likely impact on wild organisms mediated by endocrine–circadian pathways. In this overview, we first give a broad-brush introduction to biological rhythms. Then, we outline interactions between the avian clock, endocrine pathways, and environmental and internal modifiers. The main focus of this review is on the circadian hormone, melatonin. We summarize information from avian field and laboratory studies on melatonin and its relationships with behaviour and physiology, including often neglected developmental aspects. When exposed to ALAN, birds are highly vulnerable to disruption of behavioural rhythms and of physiological systems under rhythmic control. Several studies suggest that melatonin is likely a key mediator for a broad range of effects. We encourage further observational and experimental studies of ALAN impact on melatonin, across the full functional range of this versatile signalling molecule, as well as on other candidate compounds at the endocrine–circadian interface. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Endocrine responses to environmental variation: conceptual approaches and recent developments’.

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Spectres of Clock Evolution: Past, Present, and Yet to Come

Cited by 21 publications

References 157 publications

The Gain and Loss of Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Members during Evolution

The Gain and Loss of Cryptochrome/Photolyase Family Members during Evolution

Planetary sleep medicine: Studying sleep at the individual, population, and planetary level

Endocrine–circadian interactions in birds: implications when nights are no longer dark

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