Spectral transmission of the pig lens: Effect of ultraviolet A+B radiation

Artigas, Cristina; López-Murcia, María M; Felipe, Adelina; Desco, C.; Artigas, José María Gatell

doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2014.06.006

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The retina vascularization is similar, and the lens thickness, shape, and size are comparable [39,53]. Moreover, the transmission of the porcine lens is also close to the human lens [38]. These similarities make the porcine eye currently suitable as an experimental model for the human eye.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Cataract Development by Exposure to Ultraviolet and Blue Visible Light in Porcine Lenses

2021

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Background and Objectives: Cataract is still the leading cause of blindness. Its development is well researched for UV radiation. Modern light sources like LEDs and displays tend to emit blue light. The effect of blue light on the retina is called blue light hazard and is studied extensively. However, its impact on the lens is not investigated so far. Aim: Investigation of the impact of the blue visible light in porcine lens compared to UVA and UVB radiation. Materials and Methods: In this ex-vivo experiment, porcine lenses are irradiated with a dosage of 6 kJ/cm2 at wavelengths of 311 nm (UVB), 370 nm (UVA), and 460 nm (blue light). Lens transmission measurements before and after irradiation give insight into the impact of the radiation. Furthermore, dark field images are taken from every lens before and after irradiation. Cataract development is illustrated by histogram linearization as well as faults coloring of recorded dark field images. By segmenting the lens in the background’s original image, the lens condition before and after irradiation could be compared. Results: All lenses irradiated with a 6 kJ/cm2 reveal cataract development for radiation with 311 nm, 370 nm, and 460 nm. Both evaluations reveal that the 460 nm irradiation causes the most cataract. Conclusion: All investigated irradiation sources cause cataracts in porcine lenses—even blue visible light.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Other animals used for cataract research, but less frequently, are pigs and cows. Most experiments on porcine and bovine lenses are performed ex-vivo [27,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. Common methods applied for evaluation are slit lamps (photography), fluorescence measurements, and chromatographic procedures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cataract Development by Exposure to Ultraviolet and Blue Visible Light in Porcine Lenses

2021

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“…In fact, the integrating sphere mode [14][15][16] is always used for ascertaining not only the shape of the spectral transmission curve, but also the total amount of light that passes through the IOL. The integrating sphere mode is also used for human 17 and pig 18 crystalline lenses. On the other hand, Boettner and Wolter 19 in their classic study performed ocular media transmission measurements in both modes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of scattering in intraocular lenses by spectrophotometric measurements

et al. 2014

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Abstract. This study presents a method for measuring scattering in explanted intraocular lenses (IOLs). Currently, determining scattering in IOLs is usually performed by Scheimpflug cameras and the results are expressed in the units used by this apparatus. The method we propose uses a spectrophotometer and this makes it possible to measure the total transmission of the IOL by using an integrating sphere; the direct transmission is determined by the double-beam mode. The difference between these two transmissions gives a value of the scattering in percentage values of light lost. In addition, by obtaining the spectral transmission curve, information about the most scattered wavelengths is also obtained. The IOL power introduces errors when directly measured, particularly with high powers. This problem can be overcome if a tailor-made cuvette is used that shortens the distance between the IOL and the condensing lens of the spectrophotometer when the IOL powers are below 24 diopters. We checked the effectiveness of this method by measuring the scattering of three explanted IOLs from cornea donors. This method, however, does not make it possible to ascertain whether the scattering measured is caused by surface light scattering or internal light scattering. © The Authors.Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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“…A main reason for the selection are the phylogenetic parallels between porcine and human eye, for example, the similar thickness, shape and size of the sclera, localization of photoreceptors in the periphery of the retina or holangiotic retinal vascularization [19]. In addition, the use of ex-vivo porcine eyes involves less ethical and economic constraints, making the availability and procurement process of porcine eyes less critical compared to other species [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Visible Violet, Blue and Red Light on the Development of Cataract in Porcine Lenses

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: Cataract is a disease that is globally prevalent in today’s population and occurs mostly in the elderly. It is an opacity of the lens that worsens vision and can lead to blindness. One well-known risk factor of cataract is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, increasing exposure to modern artificial light sources like light emitting diodes (LEDs) and displays might have an impact on cataract formation due to possible high (and hidden) blue radiation. An ex-vivo study indicates that intense blue radiation causes cataract in porcine lenses. The goal of this work is the investigation whether violet or red light also lead to cataract formation in porcine lenses and to compare the impact of the different wavelengths. Materials and Methods: LEDs with wavelengths of 407 nm (violet), 463 nm (blue) and 635 nm (red) are used to irradiate ex–vivo porcine lenses with a dose of 6 kJ/cm2. Before and after irradiation the lens transmissions are measured and dark field images are taken to determine cataract formation. The same procedure is performed for unirradiated controls. Results: The results of the transmission measurements are in accordance with the results of the dark field images and state that 635 nm (red) is inducing no or only weak cataract. In comparison to the dark field images the transmission measurements exhibit stronger cataract formation for 407 nm than for 463 nm irradiation while the dark field images show similar cataract formation for both wavelengths. Conclusions: Visible light of short wavelengths cause cataract formation in porcine eyes, and it cannot be excluded that these wavelengths, which are emitted by modern LED illuminants, also pose a danger to human eyes.

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Spectral transmission of the pig lens: Effect of ultraviolet A+B radiation

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Cataract Development by Exposure to Ultraviolet and Blue Visible Light in Porcine Lenses

Cataract Development by Exposure to Ultraviolet and Blue Visible Light in Porcine Lenses

Determination of scattering in intraocular lenses by spectrophotometric measurements

Influence of Visible Violet, Blue and Red Light on the Development of Cataract in Porcine Lenses

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