“…For example, among attempts using support vector machine (SVM) [32,2,46], a more recent work [36] was based on independent component analysis and morphological features. Meanwhile, sparsity-based algorithms [15,16,20] showed that the sparse representation of a pixel can predict the class label of the test sample better than classical SVMs. Recently, deeplearning approaches [14,40,17,53,28,35,39,41,51,52,50,43,48] make use of hierarchically extracted deep features.…”