Spectral manipulation and tunable optical frequency ruler using liquid crystal’s birefringence

Ding, Pei Rong; Hsu, Hsun-Ching; Han, Pin

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.10.172

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Their relative intensities, which depend on the tube pressure, the discharge current, and the gain competition among them, are manipulated through a filtering system ( F ) by rotating the half waveplate (HWP λ3, λ6 ) located before the polarizer ( P ), whose optical axis is oriented in the vertical ( y ) direction. A wider control over the spectral composition can be achieved by substituting the (HWP λ3,λ6 ) with a tunable waveplate based on an electrically controlled liquid crystal film. , Two different broadband optical elements (BOEs), in particular, a half (BHWP) or quarter (BQWP) waveplate, before the beam splitter (BS) cube, convert the vertical linear polarization into horizontal ( p ) or circular polarization, thus enabling the production of intensity and polarization interference configurations from parallel polarized ( p PP) and orthogonal circular (OC) polarized beams, respectively (Figure a). Regarding the OC patterning, the opposite handedness of the two recording beams is guaranteed by the additional reflection in one arm of the interferometer, which reverses the circular polarization.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Fourier Surfaces via Broadband Laser Vectorial Interferometry

Audia,

Tone,

Pagliusi

et al. 2023

ACS Photonics

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The ever-growing demand for submicrometer-structured surfaces with hierarchical features is guided by efficient applications in augmented/virtual reality, display technologies, and Fourier optics, as well as for the development of multifunctional platforms for biomedicine, sensors, and security. Among all, Fourier surfaces still represent a challenge. Indeed, the current technologies are mainly based on multistep processes which involve lithographic methods and/or thermal/chemical/electrical treatment and often suffer in terms of losses due to their intrinsic binary design. Herein, a broadband laser composed of close and highly correlated lines allows for the simultaneous photoinscription of extremely precise hierarchical Fourier surfaces via vectorial interference. By simply setting the number of lines, their amplitude, and polarization, the polychromatic light enables a high-fidelity encoding of multiple sinusoidal profiles with nanometric spatial resolution. Beat phenomena that arise in the bulk of the recording medium result in the never-observed hierarchical structuring of the topography. Such an approach, unconventional for holographic techniques where monochromaticity of light is a key element, provides promising perspectives for the in situ design of hierarchical Fourier surfaces and the scale-up of customized structured platforms, besides the obvious advantages of the method in terms of scalability, reconfigurability, and tunability.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Fourier Surfaces via Broadband Laser Vectorial Interferometry

Audia,

Tone,

Pagliusi

et al. 2023

ACS Photonics

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show abstract

“…There are many peaks and valleys (denoted by red circles in the figure). These spectral valleys can be used as wavelengths reference, or the so-called optical frequency (or wavelength) ruler [24]. This kind of spectrum featuring with many specific peaks or valleys can be used as useful reference light sources.…”

Section: Optical Wavelength/frequency Rulermentioning

confidence: 99%

Slit Diffraction Spectrum Manipulation in Non-Paraxial Regions via the Spatial-Spectral Correspondence Relationship

Hsu

Han

2020

Photonics

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In the past, a two-dimensional aperture diffraction of light in the non-paraxial region could only be studied using the Huygens integral without functional forms. This work presents a special case—a one dimension slit where the functional form can be obtained. The monochromatic light intensity distributions are investigated in detail. Using the correspondence relationship, the diffracted spectra of polychromatic light in that region can be readily found. Three interesting spectral effects are described: spectral switches, multi-level data transmission, and optical wavelength ruler. Since the functional form is derived without approximation, it is applicable to a region very near to the slit, including the wavelength region or even sub-wavelength scale. Thus, for light with micron-order wavelength (visible to near infrared (NIR) band), these results are valuable to micro- or nano-optics, especially for studies of the spatial intensities or spectral characteristics in the non-paraxial region.

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“…Some similar reference lines are usually produced by the Fabry-Perot etalon or optical comb techniques with a resonant cavity [11,12]. Following this, two more OFR schemes were proposed without cavities, utilizing a moving fluid [13] and liquid crystal birefringence [14,15]. However, in the former, the required high fluid speed is too difficult to reach; in the latter, an external circuit is needed to control the liquid crystal orientation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Optical Frequency Rulers with the Faraday Effect

Chang,

Tsai,

Ding

et al. 2024

Photonics

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Optical frequency rulers (OFRs) can be used as optical wavelengths or frequency references for spectra modulation or to determine unknown wavelengths. In the past, difficult-to-perform and complicated mechanisms were used to make OFRs, such as double slits with a high-speed fluid or an external circuit to control the liquid crystal birefringence. Since then, a later research study introduced a simple structure for producing OFRs by utilizing the optical activity block and two polarizers. This achieved a movable OFR that was controllable by simply rotating one of the polarizers. However, this mechanical rotation hindered its high-speed applicability. In this article, a more advanced, scalable OFR scheme using the Faraday effect is proposed. It is controlled by varying the magnetic field intensity, which is not a mechanical method, and it can be changed at high speeds. The numerical results demonstrate that those OFR spectral ticks can be scaled to reach a higher or lower tick density, greatly benefiting the wavelength decision jobs.

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Spectral manipulation and tunable optical frequency ruler using liquid crystal’s birefringence

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Hierarchical Fourier Surfaces via Broadband Laser Vectorial Interferometry

Hierarchical Fourier Surfaces via Broadband Laser Vectorial Interferometry

Slit Diffraction Spectrum Manipulation in Non-Paraxial Regions via the Spatial-Spectral Correspondence Relationship

Scalable Optical Frequency Rulers with the Faraday Effect

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