Spectral Loss Characterization of Femtosecond Laser Written Waveguides in Glass With Application to Demultiplexing of 1300 and 1550 nm Wavelengths

Eaton, Shane M.; Chen, Wei-Jen; Zhang, Haibin; Iyer, R.; Li, Jianzhao; Ng, Mi Li; Ho, Stephen; Aitchison, J. S.; Herman, Peter R.

doi:10.1109/jlt.2008.2005117

Cited by 51 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Further, the morphology from overhead microscopy (not shown) for 1.25-NA writing appeared more nonuniform compared to 0.55-NA writing. The increased irregularity is known to cause higher Rayleigh scattering [4], which may explain the higher propagation loss of α = 0.6 dB/cm for 1.25-NA writing compared to α = 0.3 dB/cm for 0.55-NA writing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This Δn value is 3-fold lower than what is attainable by photolithography [3] and results in mode sizes of ∼ 10-μm mode field diameter (MFD). Although such modes are wellmatched to single mode fiber (SMF), they are too weakly confined to be used in curved waveguides with less than R = 50 mm radius [4] that would otherwise cause high bend loss in ring resonators, Ysplitters, and directional couplers used in photonic integrated circuits. While relatively high Δn was demonstrated in high index (n N 2) exotic glasses such as nanocrystal-doped glass (Δn ∼ 0.018 [5]), comparably high index change in pure fused silica, the most important glass for optofluidic and passive telecom devices, has eluded researchers thus far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High refractive index contrast in fused silica waveguides by tightly focused, high-repetition rate femtosecond laser

Eaton

Osellame

et al. 2011

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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101

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High refractive index contrast in fused silica waveguides by tightly focused, high-repetition rate femtosecond laser

Eaton

Osellame

et al. 2011

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

Self Cite

101

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“…Similarly, the optical loss coefficients for the microrod of 1b and 1d were estimated to be 70.8 dB mm −1 at 481 nm and 30.1 dB mm −1 at 522 nm, respectively. According to previous reports, such optical loss is due to self‐absorption and light scattering during light propagation along the microrods. Among the microrods 1d shows the lowest optical loss coefficient, which may be owing to the fact that the Stokes shift of 1d (see Figure A,B) is larger than those of 1a and 1b , and thus self‐absorption for microrod 1d is expected to be weak.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Tuning the Solid State Emission of the Carbazole and Cyano‐Substituted Tetraphenylethylene by Co‐Crystallization with Solvents

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2016

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Solid state emissive materials with high quantum yields and tunable emissions are desirable for various applications. A new TPE derivative (1) with two carbazole moieties and two cyano groups is reported, which shows typical aggregation induced emission behavior. Four crystals 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d are obtained after crystallization from N,N-dimethylformamid (DMF), trichloromethane (CHCl ), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dichloromethane (CH Cl ), respectively. Crystal structural analyses reveal that (i) molecules of 1 co-crystallize with DMF, CHCl , THF, and CH Cl in 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, respectively, and (ii) conformations of 1 are different within 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d, and compound 1 within crystal 1a adopts the most twisting conformation. Crystalline solids 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d exhibit high emission quantum yields up to 0.65, but their emission colors are varied from blue to green. In comparison, the amorphous solid of 1 is yellow-emissive with emission maximum at 542 nm. Moreover, the blue- or green-emissive crystalline solids and the yellow-emissive amorphous solid can be inter-converted by the grinding of crystalline solids and exposure of the amorphous solid to vapors of appropriate solvents. It is also demonstrated that microrods of 1a, 1b, and 1d show typical optical waveguiding behavior.

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“…These compelling advantages of the femtosecond laser writing have motivated major scientific research projects by groups all over the world. Twenty years since the original paper by Davis et al, there are over 2500 citations to the original work, with demonstrations of devices including directional couplers [57], Y-splitters [58], polarization controllers [59], Bragg reflectors [60], interferometers [61], waveguide lasers [62], for novel applications in fields such as astrophotonics [63], quantum information [64], telecommunications [65], sensing [66], lab on a chip [67] and lab on a fiber [68].…”

Section: Femtosecond Laser Micromachining-a Unique Tool For Optical Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser written photonic and microfluidic circuits in diamond

et al. 2019

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Diamond has attracted great interest in the quantum optics community thanks to its nitrogen vacancy (NV) center, a naturally occurring impurity that is responsible for the pink coloration of some diamond crystals. The NV spin state with the brighter luminescence yield can be exploited for spin readout, exhibiting millisecond spin coherence times at ambient temperature. In addition, the energy levels of the ground state triplet of the NV are sensitive to external fields. These properties make NVs attractive as a scalable platform for efficient nanoscale resolution sensing based on electron spins and for quantum information systems. Integrated diamond photonics would be beneficial for optical magnetometry, due to the enhanced light-matter interaction and associated collection efficiency provided by waveguides, and for quantum information, by means of the optical linking of NV centers for long-range entanglement. Diamond is also compelling for microfluidic applications due to its outstanding biocompatibility, with sensing functionality provided by NV centers. Furthermore, laser written micrographitic modifications could lead to efficient and compact detectors of high energy radiation in diamond. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate optical waveguides, graphitic lines, NVs and microfluidics in diamond. In this Review, we describe a disruptive laser nanofabrication method based on femtosecond laser writing to realize a 3D micro-nano device toolkit for diamond. Femtosecond laser writing is advantageous compared to other state of the art fabrication technologies due to its versatility in forming diverse micro and nanocomponents in diamond. We describe how high quality buried optical waveguides, low roughness microfluidic channels, and on-demand NVs with excellent spectral properties can be laser formed in single-crystal diamond. We show the first integrated quantum photonic circuit in diamond consisting of an optically addressed NV for quantum information studies. The rapid progress of the field is encouraging but there are several challenges which must be met to realize future quantum technologies in diamond. We elucidate how these hurdles can be overcome using femtosecond laser fabrication, to realize both quantum computing and nanoscale magnetic field sensing devices in synthetic diamond.

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Spectral Loss Characterization of Femtosecond Laser Written Waveguides in Glass With Application to Demultiplexing of 1300 and 1550 nm Wavelengths

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

High refractive index contrast in fused silica waveguides by tightly focused, high-repetition rate femtosecond laser

High refractive index contrast in fused silica waveguides by tightly focused, high-repetition rate femtosecond laser

Tuning the Solid State Emission of the Carbazole and Cyano‐Substituted Tetraphenylethylene by Co‐Crystallization with Solvents

Femtosecond laser written photonic and microfluidic circuits in diamond

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