“…Recently, broadband wavelength converters based on second-order nonlinear-optical effect in quasi-phase matched (QPM) waveguides have attracted much attentions thank to their ultrafast optical responses, large nonlinear coefficients, negligible spontaneous emission noise, low cross-talk and complete transparency [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Besides the wavelength conversion function, these devices can be also used to realize modulation format conversion [15,16], signal optical multicasting [17,18] and logical XOR operation [19]. Difference frequency generation [2][3][4] (DFG) is the simplest approach to achieve wavelength conversion in QPM waveguides.…”