Spectral Analysis of Electroencephalographic Data in Serious Games

Abstract

In this paper, we describe an investigation of brain activity while playing a serious game (SG). A SG is focused on improving logical thinking, specifically on cognitive training of students in the field of basic logic gates, and we summarize SG description, design, and development. A method based on various signal processing techniques for evaluating electroencephalographic (EEG) data was implemented in the MATLAB. This assessment was based on the analysis of the spectrogram of particular brain activity. Changes in brain activity power at a characteristic frequency band during the gameplay were calculated from the spectrogram. The EEG of 21 respondents was measured. Based on the results, the respondents can be divided into three groups according to specific EEG activity changes during the gameplay compared to a relaxed state. The beta/alpha ratio, an indicator of brain employment to a mental task, was increased during gameplay in 18 of the 21 subjects. Our results reflected the sex of respondents, time of the game and the indicator, and whether the game was successfully completed.

EEG-Based Person Identification during Escalating Cognitive Load

“…The cap is made from Lycra-type fabric with recessed tin electrodes. A more detailed description of the measurement system is provided in [ 47 ].…”

“…This study investigates a database consisting of EEG signals from adult subjects previously analyzed in [ 47 ]. The EEG database was primarily created to investigate brain activity using spectral analysis while playing a serious game with rising difficulty.…”

Visualization and Interaction Technologies in Serious and Exergames for Cognitive Assessment and Training: A Survey on Available Solutions and Their Validation

“…In the first case, the user is required to handle a device and apply a physical pressure to a surface to trigger events. Whereas, in the second case, [2], [4], [5], [7], [10], [11], [18], [22], [24], [25], [28], [30], [34], [45], [51], [53], [60]- [121] 79 Mobile devices [13], [16], [19], [26], [31], [36], [37], [39], [41], [43], [44], [59],…”

“…Interaction Articles VR Non-Immersive PC Controller/gamepad/3 or 6 DOF sensor [62], [65], [79], [86], [87], [89], [101], [120] Mouse/keyboard [1], [10], [11], [18], [28], [34], [45], [61], [64], [68], [69], [73], [76], [80], [81], [83], [84], [90], [91], [96], [98]- [100], [102]- [108], [112], [114], [116] Hand gesture…”

“…Authors frequently do not explicitly share information about the availability of raw data and applications used, though this would be very important for the research community and for the medical doctors. Dataset is sometimes made explicitly available online [49], [214] or from the corresponding author on reasonable request because of privacy policies, ethical or proprietary constraints [10], [15], [19], [23], [30], [34], [44], [59], [77], [79], [107], [109], [112], [114], [120], [136], [152], [173], [175], [208], [213], [215], [217]. Moreover, excluding commercial and proprietary applications, we can still find free download [64], [80], [99], [122], [184], open source [77] and freely accessible Web applications [21], [30], [106].…”