SPECT Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Sieg, Karl; Gaffney, Gary R.; Preston, David F.; Hellings, Jessica A.

doi:10.1097/00003072-199501000-00014

Cited by 150 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…Researchers using SPECT imaging (e.g. Kim, Lee, Shin, Cho, & Lee, 2002;Sieg, Gaffney, Preston, & Hellings, 1995) likewise noted decreased cerebral blood flow in the right lateral prefrontal cortex, the right middle temporal cortex, and the orbital and cerebellar cortices (bilaterally) in patients diagnosed with ADHD.…”

Section: Genetics Neuroanatomy and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalographic Biofeedback in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Monastra

Lynn

Linden

et al. 2005

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

214

166

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Section: Genetics Neuroanatomy and Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroencephalographic Biofeedback in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Monastra

Lynn

Linden

et al. 2005

Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback

214

166

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“…Several single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies have shown a reduced blood flow in prefrontal regions and the connecting pathways to the limbic system and cerebellum (Lou et al 1984(Lou et al , 1989(Lou et al , 1990Sieg et al 1995). Even more interesting is the fact that the Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 3 reduction in blood flow in these regions is reversed by methylphenidate (Langleben et al 2002;Lou et al 1984Lou et al , 1989.…”

Section: Functional and Structural Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Sontag

Tucha

Walitza

et al. 2010

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

102

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves clinically heterogeneous problems including attention deficits, behavioural hyperactivity and impulsivity. Several animal models of ADHD have been proposed, ranging from models with neurotoxic lesions to genetically manipulated animals. An ADHD model is supposed to show phenomenological similarities with the disorder, i.e. it should mimic the three core symptoms (face validity). A model should also conform to an established or hypothesized pathophysiological basis of the disorder (construct validity).Finally, an animal model should be able to predict previously unknown aspects of the neurobiology of ADHD or to provide potential new treatments (predictive validity). The currently proposed models are heterogeneous with regard to their pathophysiological alterations and their ability to mimic behavioural symptoms and to predict response to medication. This might reflect the heterogeneous nature of ADHD. Since the knowledge about the biology of ADHD from human studies is limited, one cannot at present decide which model best represents ADHD or certain ADHD subtypes. Animal models with good face and predictive validity may be useful for investigations of the underlying biological substrates of ADHD. At present, the models in use should be described as animal models of ADHD-like symptoms rather than models of ADHD.

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“…In fact, hyperactive groups showed significantly impaired performance on Spatial Span, suggesting the possibility of parietal lobe problems. Recent imaging studies (volumetric MRI and SPECT) together with neuropsychological and EEG findings indicate a complex involvement of brain regions, such that the relative importance of frontal and parietal impairments in this complex disorder remains to be clarified (Hynd et al 1990(Hynd et al , 1993Sieg et al 1995;Filipek et al 1997;Aman et al 1998;Lou et al 1998;Baving et al 1999). …”

Section: Implications For Neural Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific language impairment with or without hyperactivity: neuropsychological evidence for frontostriatal dysfunction

Williams

Stott

Goodyer

et al. 2000

Develop Med Child Neuro

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A neuropsychological investigation of the association between specific language impairment (SLI) and hyperactivity was conducted on four groups of 6-year-old children. The groups, each consisting of five boys and five girls, were: children with SLI alone, hyperactivity alone, both SLI and hyperactivity, and neither disorder (controls). Cognitive functioning was examined using selected non-verbal tests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. SLI was not associated with significantly reduced performance on any of the neuropsychological measures. However, hyperactivity was associated with deficits on a test of attentional set shifting previously demonstrated to be sensitive to frontostriatal dysfunction. Further, hyperactive children showed significantly reduced spatial spans on a test of spatial working memory thought to measure parietal lobe functioning. There were no substantial differences between the groups on tests of frontal lobe function except for reduced performance on a task of attention in the hyperactive group. There were no significant interactions between hyperactivity and SLI on any of the neuropsychological measures. The pattern of neuropsychological deficits shown by children with attentiondeficit-hperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggests relatively specific problems in inhibitory control of attentional selection. This cognitive deficit implicates brain areas including basal ganglia and ventro-lateral prefrontal cortical areas in ADHD, thus providing evidence for disruption of frontostriatal functional loops. SLI and hyperactivity can occur as comorbid syndromes or symptom complexes and this should be noted when interpreting results of tests measuring cognitive performance. The findings suggest that these two groups of disorders have different cognitive correlates.

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SPECT Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 150 publications

References 0 publications

Electroencephalographic Biofeedback in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Electroencephalographic Biofeedback in the Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Specific language impairment with or without hyperactivity: neuropsychological evidence for frontostriatal dysfunction

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