Specifics of the formation of a transparent glaze layer on ceramic facing tiles

Evaluation of borax solid wastes in production of frits suitable for fast single-fired wall tile opaque glass-ceramic glazes

“…The glaze should have a suitable surface tension to minimize crawling of the coating away from the edges or any holes that are present on firing. In terms of gloss, whiteness and surface quality of the opaque glazes, increasing boric oxide in the composition has a positive effect (Levitskii et al 1998;Djambazov and Damgaliev 2000). When compared to the HZG glaze, Al 2 O 3 /B 2 O 3 ratio was declined in the LZG by incorporating B 2 O 3 to the system.…”

“…Generally, zircon crystals were found to be dispersed in a glassy matrix that exhibited immiscible-liquid-phase separation. In the studied glazes, crystal-free areas can also be observed, owing to zircon crystallization preferentially occurring from the surface of the original frit particles inwards (Levitskii et al 1998). The devitrification of zirconium silicate crystals gives rise to a homogenous microstructure in the CW 1, 2 and 4-based glazes.…”

Zircon-free frits suitable for single fast-firing opaque wall tile glazes and their industrial productions

“…The formation of occluded bubbles is closely related to, among other factors, the viscosity of the fused glazes, which, in turn, is related to the content of the glassy phase and crystalline particles. 28 29 However, although the surface tension problem was altered by incorporating more K 2 O in DW-C, the glaze still suffered from the defects due to the early glaze maturation during single fast-firing. K 2 O raises glaze fusibility at low temperatures and restricts its excess usage in single-fired wall tile manufacture.…”

“…Similar behaviour of ZnO was reported in the literature in glass-ceramic floor and porcelain tile glazes. 29,31 The standard glaze has predominantly zircon and secondly calcium aluminium silicate crystals after single fast-firing (Fig. 2).…”