Specificity in mammalian peripheral nerve regeneration at the level of the nerve trunk

Politis, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91038-8

Cited by 92 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…This is in well agreement with the described preference of peripheral nerve axons to regenerate into the nerve branches in which they originally resided (Politis, 1985), both for motor axons, which seem to prefer muscle branches (Brushart, 1990(Brushart, , 1993 and for sensory axons (Madison et al, 1996). The problem of re-uptake by regenerating axons was not accounted for in these studies.…”

Section: Regenerative Sproutingsupporting

confidence: 85%

Estimations of topographically correct regeneration to nerve branches and skin after peripheral nerve injury and repair

Puigdellı́vol-Sánchez

Prats-Galino

Molander

2006

Brain Research

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Peripheral nerve injury is typically associated with long-term disturbances in sensory localization, despite nerve repair and regeneration. Here we investigate the extent of correct reinnervation by back-labeling neuronal soma with fluorescent tracers applied in the target area before and after sciatic nerve injury and repair in the rat. The subpopulations of sensory or motor neurons that had regenerated their axons to either the tibial branch or the skin of the third hindlimb digit were calculated from the number cell bodies labeled by the first and/or second tracer. Compared to the normal control side, 81% of the sensory and 66% of the motor tibial nerve cells regenerated their axons back to this nerve, while 22% of the afferent cells from the third digit reinnervated this digit. Corresponding percentages based on quantification of the surviving population on the experimental side showed 91%, 87%, and 56%, respectively. The results show that nerve injury followed by nerve repair by epineurial suture results in a high but variable amount of topographically correct regeneration, and that proportionally more neurons regenerate into the correct proximal nerve branch than into the correct innervation territory in the skin. SECTION: 4. Nervous System Development, Regeneration and Aging.

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Section: Regenerative Sproutingsupporting

confidence: 85%

Estimations of topographically correct regeneration to nerve branches and skin after peripheral nerve injury and repair

Puigdellı́vol-Sánchez

Prats-Galino

Molander

2006

Brain Research

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“…Furthermore, one mechanism that is not essential for this organization is a timed sequence of axonal outgrowth. As the motor axons were cut and not crushed, it seems unlikely that the axons achieved their correct distribution simply by entering into their own old endoneurial sheaths [although Politis (1985) has reported that axons can show a preference for their own axonal stump when offered a choice between it and a foreign one]. It seems more probable that whatever chemical matching process is involved occurs at the synaptic target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of reinnervation of rat internal intercostal muscles by their own segmental nerves

Hardman¹,

Brown²

1987

J. Neurosci.

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The positions of internal intercostal motoneurons within their motor pool were studied, following reinnervation of the intercostal muscles by their original nerves. Six to 9 weeks after proximal nerve section in 10-d-old and adult rats, 0.1 microliter injections of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-HRP were made in the distal part of the reinnervated internal intercostal muscle. The corresponding region of the contralateral control muscle was also injected. The positions of the retrogradely labeled motoneurons were mapped in 100 microns transverse sections of thoracic spinal cord that had been stained for HRP according to the method of Mesulam (1982). In normal rats, motoneurons innervating distal muscle fibers are found largely in the more dorsal part of the internal intercostal motoneuron pool (Hardman and Brown, 1985). In adult rats, regenerated motor axons did not show any selectivity; distal muscle fibers were innervated by motoneurons whose cell bodies were distributed throughout the internal intercostal pool. However, in rats operated on at 10 d of age, distal intercostal muscle fibers were reinnervated by motoneurons that were distributed mainly in the dorsal part of the motor pool. These results support the view that positional signals may be of importance in organizing the distribution of axon terminals within muscles during development.

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“…Also, the elongation of regenerating neurites to reach the target appears to depend on certain factors secreted from the distal stump of the transected nerve together with the denervated target cells [Fawcett and Keynes, 1990]. The specificity of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve lesions has largely been investigated within sensory or motor systems [Weiss and Edds, 1945;Zalewski, 1970;Politis, 1985;Brushart, 1988]. Using Yshaped Silastic implants, Politis [1985] showed that regenerating nerve fibers from proximal stumps of transected rat peroneal or tibial nerves 'prefer' to grow to the native (vs. foreign) distal nerve stumps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specificity of axon regeneration after peripheral nerve lesions has largely been investigated within sensory or motor systems [Weiss and Edds, 1945;Zalewski, 1970;Politis, 1985;Brushart, 1988]. Using Yshaped Silastic implants, Politis [1985] showed that regenerating nerve fibers from proximal stumps of transected rat peroneal or tibial nerves 'prefer' to grow to the native (vs. foreign) distal nerve stumps. Brushart [1988] additionally showed that motoneurons 'preferentially' reinnervate the motor branch in juvenile and adult rats, even if the repair is intentionally misaligned or a gap is imposed between proximal and distal stumps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural Observations on the Progress of Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration at the Suture Site following Vagal-Hypoglossal Nerve Coaptation in Cats

Tyan

Hsu³

et al. 2009

Cells Tissues Organs

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Nerve degeneration and regeneration have been investigated at the suture site following proximal-to-distal vagal-hypoglossal nerve coaptation (VHC) in cats at different time points (from 3 to 315 days postoperatively; dpo). Massive axonal degeneration and myelin breakdown and removal of degraded neural debris were observed during the first 2 weeks postoperatively. This was followed by active Schwann cell multiplication and inflammatory cell invasion at 14 dpo. Schwann cells appeared mobile, and were guided to the newly developed growth cones, dividing them into axonal sprout clusters. At 18 dpo, the migrating Schwann cells were confined to the preexisting basal lamina scaffolds, forming bands of Büngner. It is suggested that the latter may play a key role in navigating the regenerating axons to their newly acquired target organ at 22 dpo. Remyelination of axons was not observed till 46 dpo. Compared with the rapid axonal reaction in other models of nerve injury, the degeneration process in VHC was protracted and, furthermore, regeneration and remyelination were delayed. The subtle remodeling of the nerve in cross-coaptation may be far greater than previously recognized, and this may have clinical importance since patients undergoing nerve crossover microsurgery exhibit delayed motor rehabilitation, apparently as a direct result of a change in target innervation. Defining the mechanisms underlying the neuroplastic program could thus potentially improve the prognosis of crossover of two different peripheral nerves.

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Specificity in mammalian peripheral nerve regeneration at the level of the nerve trunk

Cited by 92 publications

References 9 publications

Estimations of topographically correct regeneration to nerve branches and skin after peripheral nerve injury and repair

Estimations of topographically correct regeneration to nerve branches and skin after peripheral nerve injury and repair

Accuracy of reinnervation of rat internal intercostal muscles by their own segmental nerves

Ultrastructural Observations on the Progress of Nerve Degeneration and Regeneration at the Suture Site following Vagal-Hypoglossal Nerve Coaptation in Cats

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