Specific Leaf Weight in Zones of Cell Division, Elongation and Maturation in Tall Fescue Leaf Blades

MacAdam, Jennifer W.; Nelson, C. J.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a087326

Cited by 44 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Mesophyll cell division data reported here, and data for leaf elongation rate and structural SLW accumulation reported previously (17,28) …”

supporting

confidence: 72%

“…Our objectives in the present study were to evaluate the effect of N on mesophyll cell division and rate and duration of epidermal cell elongation in leaf blades of two genotypes of tall fescue. Data for epidermal cell lengths utilized here have been reported previously (28, 29).Mesophyll cell division data reported here, and data for leaf elongation rate and structural SLW accumulation reported previously (17,28) …”

mentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The model of cell development processes presented in this paper utilizes data for segmental elongation rate and structural SLW data published previously (17,28). Segmental elongation rate was determined by exposing elongating leaf blades briefly and marking them with India ink at intervals of 1 mm (28).…”

Section: Spatial Model Of Cell Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mesophyll cell division data reported here, and data for leaf elongation rate and structural SLW accumulation reported previously (17,28) are integrated in this paper into a spatial model of cell development in the grass leaf blade. This model will facilitate the evaluation of concomitant physiological processes, such as carbohydrate metabolism (21).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Nitrogen on Mesophyll Cell Division and Epidermal Cell Elongation in Tall Fescue Leaf Blades

MacAdam¹,

Volenec²,

Nelson³

1989

Plant Physiol.

179

114

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Leaf elongation rate (LER) in grasses is dependent on epidermal cell supply (number) and on rate and duration of epidermal cell elongation. Nitrogen (N) fertilization increases LER. Longitudinal sections from two genotypes of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), which differ by 50% in LER, were used to quantify the effects of N on the components of epidermal cell elongation and on mesophyll cell division. Rate and duration of epidermal cell elongation were determined by using a relationship between cell length and displacement velocity derived from the continuity equation. Rate of epidermal cell elongation was exponential. Relative rates of epidermal cell elongation increased by 9% with high N, even though high N increased LER by 89%. Duration of cell elongation was approximately 20 h longer in the high-than in the low-LER genotype regardless of N treatment. The percentage of mesophyll cells in division was greater in the high-than in the low-LER genotype. This increased with high N in both genotypes, indicating that LER increased with cell supply. Division of mesophyll cells adjacent to abaxial epidermal cells continued after epidermal cell division stopped, until epidermal cells had elongated to a mean length of 40 micrometers in the high-LER and a mean length of 50 micrometers in the low-LER genotype. The cell cycle length for mesophyll cells was calculated to be 12 to 13 hours. Nitrogen increased mesophyll cell number more than epidermal cell number: in both genotypes, the final number of mesophyll cells adjacent to each abaxial epidermal cell was 10 with low N and 14 with high N. A spatial model is used to describe three cell development processes relevant to leaf growth. It illustrates the overlap of mesophyll cell division and epidermal cell elongation, and the transition from epidermal cell elongation to secondary cell wall deposition.Leaf growth in grasses is predominantly unidirectional, parallel with the longitudinal axis of the leaf. A 3 Abbreviations: SLW, specific leaf weight; LER, leaf elongation rate; PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density. 549Volenec and Nelson (29) used high and low rates of N fertilization to further alter LER of two genotypes of tall fescue selected for contrasting leaf growth rates. Mean LER of these genotypes was 89% higher with high N, but length of fully elongated epidermal cells was unaffected by N treatment. The number of epidermal cells produced per file per day increased 90% with high N, suggesting that much of the increase in LER following N fertilization was due to increased cell division.Our long-term goal is to understand carbohydrate metabolism during the growth of grass leaves. Our objectives in the present study were to evaluate the effect of N on mesophyll cell division and rate and duration of epidermal cell elongation in leaf blades of two genotypes of tall fescue. Data for epidermal cell lengths utilized here have been reported previously (28, 29).Mesophyll cell division data reported here, and data for leaf elongation rate and structural ...

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“…Mesophyll cell division data reported here, and data for leaf elongation rate and structural SLW accumulation reported previously (17,28) …”

supporting

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Spatial Model Of Cell Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Nitrogen on Mesophyll Cell Division and Epidermal Cell Elongation in Tall Fescue Leaf Blades

MacAdam¹,

Volenec²,

Nelson³

1989

Plant Physiol.

179

114

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“…This fructan pool might then function to maintain a sucrose gradient between phloem and sink tissues, allowing phloem unloading to proceed. Because of their low mean degree of polymerization, fructans of the elongation zone might also contribute to the osmotic potential necessary for supporting cell expansion , and might also serve as a short-term carbohydrate storage since their concentrations decreased distal to the elongation zone (Schnyder et al, 1988) where secondary cell-wall deposition occurred (MacAdam & Nelson, 1987). Moreover, label transfer from fructans to the water-insoluble fraction suggested that fructans were hydrolysed into fructose units which could be used for synthesis of the secondary cell wall (Allard & Nelson, 1991).…”

Section: Roles Of Fructans In Elongating Leaf Basesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rise of fructan exohydrolase activity in stubble of Lolium perenne after defoliation is decreased by uniconazole, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gibberellins

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYThe objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the relative involvement of fructans from leaf sheaths and from elongating leaf bases to regrowth after defoliation of Lolium perenne L. by following fructan exoh^^drolase (FEH), sucrose-sucrose fructosyl transferase (SST) and invertase (INV) activities and (ii) to examine whether gibberellins could be implicated in regulation of FEH activity. In stubble, 36 % of fructans are located in leaf bases and 64 % in leaf sheaths. During the first phase of regrowth, the depletion of carbohydrates was mainly due to the decline of fructans, which represented 76 % and 50 % of the carbohydrates mobilized from leaf sheaths and elongating leaf bases respectively. Despite a decrease in protein content, FEH activity increased 2-5-fold in leaf sheaths and sixfold in elongating leaf bases, so that the fructan-hydrolysing activity was four times higher in growing leaves than in leaf sheaths, 2 d after defoliation. INV activity also increased, whereas the pattern of SST activity was inversely related to the variations of both hydrolysing activities. SST activity, which is highest in growing leaves, declined approximately threefold in leaf sheaths and elongating leaf bases at the beginning of regrowth.The increase in activity of FEH in stubble was strongly inhibited by an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gibberellin, uniconazole. FEH activity was decreased to c. 67 %, 45 % and 33 % of the level in nontreated plants 24, 48 and 72 h following defoliation, respectively. The inhibition could be overcome by a subsequent treatment with gibberellic acids (GAs). For the first time, data are provided to support the view that GAs might play a role in the regulation of FEH activity, and the implication of this result is discussed.

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Grass Morphology

Nelson¹,

Moore²

2020

Forages

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Specific Leaf Weight in Zones of Cell Division, Elongation and Maturation in Tall Fescue Leaf Blades

Cited by 44 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Nitrogen on Mesophyll Cell Division and Epidermal Cell Elongation in Tall Fescue Leaf Blades

Effects of Nitrogen on Mesophyll Cell Division and Epidermal Cell Elongation in Tall Fescue Leaf Blades

Rise of fructan exohydrolase activity in stubble of Lolium perenne after defoliation is decreased by uniconazole, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of gibberellins

Grass Morphology

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