Grass Morphology

Nelson, C. J.; Moore, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1002/9781119436669.ch2

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The ligular region, comprising the ligule, auricle and collar, in interaction with the leaf sheath and blade, is highlighted by as responsible for influencing plant height and leaf angle, which have direct impacts on plant productivity. Nelson & Moore (2020) also point out that the ligule still has an important role in the phenotypic plasticity of grasses. For example, if leaves are in shaded areas, the blade will remain more upright; if exposed to light and with little competition, the cells of the ligule will elongate to position the leaf blade more horizontally, allowing it to capture more light and shade the neighboring plants, increasing competition for light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…hypothesis that was defended by only a few authors from the second half of the 20th century on. In the last 50 years, only the works ofChaffey (2000),, andNelson & Moore (2020) argue that the ligules are a peculiar structure of grasses (sui generis organ), and the review by Melo-de-Pinna & Cruz (2020), which cites ligules as an extension of the leaf sheath, can be included in this category. It is worth noting that these two hypotheses are not mutually exclusive.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Lígulas em Poaceae: uma abordagem conceitual, filogenética e ontogenética

Edson-Chaves¹

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vocês não têm ideia do quão importantes são para mim; obrigado por todo amor e carinho que tem por esse tio viajante. Novamente peço desculpas pela minha ausência.À minha namorada Marina Layara S. Benevides por todo amor e paciência durante todos estes anos. Você que acompanhou de perto todo o processo acedêmico, desde o ingresso no doutorado até este momento, agradeço-lhe imensamente por seu apoio emocional, espiritual, por suas palavras carinhosas e de estímulo e, sobretudo, pela compreensão nos momentos que necessitei me ausentar.Ao Otávio L. M. da Silva por todas as nossas conversas construtivas sobre filogenia de gramíneas e por toda ajuda e apoio no que concerne à reconstrução do caráter ancestral das lígulas, assim como no auxílio nas leituras e sugestões do texto do primeiro capítulo desta tese.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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confidence: 99%

Lígulas em Poaceae: uma abordagem conceitual, filogenética e ontogenética

Edson-Chaves¹

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“…At an early stage of development, wheat plants are composed by the main stem and the roots. The main stem (Figure 1.5, a) contains a few leaves fully developed or under expansion, the shoot apex (the terminal meristem) at the tip of the stem and the crown (Nelson and Moore, 2020). The shoot apex is a region of active cell division responsible for the production and initiation of the leaf primordium and auxiliary buds (which contains the apical meristem of the branches) in the nodes (the junction point between the leaf or the branches and the stem) (Taiz et al, 2015).…”

Section: Vegetative Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, Introduction nodal roots (also called adventitious or crown roots) are developed from the crown at the base of the main stem and support the stem along the plant lifecycle (Hoad et al, 2001). Retrieved and modified from (Johnson et al, 2017;Nelson and Moore, 2020)…”

Section: Vegetative Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simultaneously, leaf primordia development initiates from the meristem apex, leading to single ridges at opposite sides of the meristem before their elongation and differentiation into leaves. The period of time between consecutive leaf primordium initiations is called plastochron, and it is constant along the growth of the plant (Slafer et al, 2015;Nelson and Moore, 2020) at a rate of 4−5 days (S.R. Simmons et al, 1985).…”

Section: Wheat Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of the wheat genotypic variability for the improvement of grain yield and quality and its dependence on leaf carbon-nitrogen metabolism under elevated CO2 and high temperature

Barbero¹

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No siempre resulta fácil reconocer y agradecer el apoyo brindado por las personas que te rodean cuando te embarcas en una nueva aventura. Resulta aún más difícil cuando no conoces físicamente a esas personas y ellas no saben de tu existencia. Sin embargo, me gustaría que mis primeras palabras de agradecimiento fueran para Ainsworth, Bloom, Högy, Fangmeier, Shewry y para muchos otros grandes investigadores de los que he aprendido en estos años a través de sus trabajos y sin los cuales no podría haber realizado esta Tesis.También me gustaría hacer una breve mención a los múltiples profesores que he tenido a lo largo de mi vida y que, con sus sabios consejos, me han conducido hasta aquí.A Raquel Martínez Peña y a José Ramón Pardos Blas, por ser unos excelentes amigos y unos grandes compañeros de Tesis a distancia.Me gustaría agradecer el cariño con el que todo el personal del IRNASA me acogió desde mi primer día. A las chicas de secretaría, a Miguel y a Juan Pablo (JuanPa) por esos momentos tan divertidos en el café, y a María José (Majo) por otros tantos similares durante la comida.Un agradecimiento muy especial a mis compañeros "senior" del laboratorio. Al Prof. Dr. Rafael Martínez-Carrasco Tabuenca y a la Dra. Pilar Pérez Pérez por su apoyo y sus buenos consejos aun cuando el tiempo que coincidimos fue breve. Al Dr. Juan Bautista Arellano Martínez, por contagiarme parte de su infinita pasión por la Ciencia. A María Ángeles (Nines) Boyero San Blas y Ángel Luis Verdejo Centeno, por hacer tan amenas y entretenidas las mañanas de laboratorio. A los más recientes, Nara, Ouardia, Ismael y Ana, por su gran apoyo en las últimas fases de la elaboración de esta Tesis.A mi Directora de Tesis, Rosa María Morcuende Morcuende, sin la cual ninguna de estas palabras existiría. Gracias por ser un ejemplo de constancia y de compromiso.A Yasmina, a Edith y a mi madre, y en especial a mi padre. Ojalá hubiéramos llegado juntos al final de este camino.A mis otros padres, Elena y Eloy, y a Ángeles, mi tercera hermana, por todo su afecto y apoyo.A María, Manuel y el Dr. Leonardo, porque ellos también son familia. A Elia,Porque das vida a la mejor versión de mí. Abbreviation 1-FEHFructan 1-exohydrolases. 1-FFTFructan:fructan 1-fructosyltransferase. 1-SSTSucrose:sucrose 1-fructosyltransferase. 2-OG2-oxoglutarate. 6-FEHFructan 6-exohydrolases. 6-SFTSucrose:fructan 6-fructosyltransferase. 8TH HTWSN 8 th Heat-Tolerant Wheat Screening Nursery. A Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate. Aa Amino acids. AAPH 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropanimidamide) dihydrochloride. ADH Alcohol dehydrogenase. ADP Adenosine diphosphate. ADP-glucose Adenosine diphosphate glucose. AGPase ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase. AMT Ammonium transporters. ANOVA Analysis of variance. AOX Alternative oxidase. ARbcx Maximum value of photosynthesis limited by Rubisco activity. Asa Ascorbic acid. ATP Adenosine triphosphate. ATPase ATP-synthase. ATP-PFK ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase. Axs Arabinoxylanes. BPGA 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate. BSA Bovine serum albumin. C Carbon. C% Percentage of...

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Allometric relationships and trade‐offs in 11 common Mediterranean‐climate grasses

Gao,

Koven,

Kueppers

2024

Ecological Applications

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Biomass allocation in plants is the foundation for understanding dynamics in ecosystem carbon balance, species competition, and plant–environment interactions. However, existing work on plant allometry has mainly focused on trees, with fewer studies having developed allometric equations for grasses. Grasses with different life histories can vary in their carbon investment by prioritizing the growth of specific organs to survive, outcompete co‐occurring plants, and ensure population persistence. Further, because grasses are important fuels for wildfire, the lack of grass allocation data adds uncertainty to process‐based models that relate plant physiology to wildfire dynamics. To fill this gap, we conducted a greenhouse experiment with 11 common California grasses varying in photosynthetic pathway and growth form. We measured plant sizes and harvested above‐ and belowground biomass throughout the life cycle of annual species, while for the establishment stage of perennial grasses to quantify allometric relationships for leaf, stem, and root biomass, as well as plant height and canopy area. We used basal diameter as a reference measure of plant size. Overall, basal diameter is the best predictor for leaf and stem biomass, height, and canopy area. Including height as another predictor can improve model accuracy in predicting leaf and stem biomass and canopy area. Fine root biomass is a function of leaf biomass alone. Species vary in their allometric relationships, with most variation occurring for plant height, canopy area, and stem biomass. We further explored potential trade‐offs in biomass allocation across species between leaf and fine root, leaf and stem, and allocation to reproduction. Consistent with our expectation, we found that fast‐growing plants allocated a greater fraction to reproduction. Additionally, plant height and specific leaf area negatively influenced the leaf‐to‐stem ratio. However, contrary to our hypothesis, there were no differences in root‐to‐leaf ratio between perennial and annual or C4 and C3 plants. Our study provides species‐specific and functional‐type‐specific allometry equations for both above‐ and belowground organs of 11 common California grass species, enabling nondestructive biomass assessment in California grasslands. These allometric relationships and trade‐offs in carbon allocation across species can improve ecosystem model predictions of grassland species interactions and environmental responses through differences in morphology.

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Grass Morphology

Cited by 5 publications

References 104 publications

Lígulas em Poaceae: uma abordagem conceitual, filogenética e ontogenética

Lígulas em Poaceae: uma abordagem conceitual, filogenética e ontogenética

Study of the wheat genotypic variability for the improvement of grain yield and quality and its dependence on leaf carbon-nitrogen metabolism under elevated CO2 and high temperature

Allometric relationships and trade‐offs in 11 common Mediterranean‐climate grasses

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