Specific cognitive deficits in a group at genetic high risk of schizophrenia

O’Connor, Mark J.; Harris, Jonathan M.; McIntosh, Andrew M.; Owens, David C.; Lawrie, Stephen M.; Johnstone, Eve C.

doi:10.1017/s0033291709005303

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Reaction time, an indicator of speed of processing, is increased in relatives of patients (Birkett et al, 2007). Young relatives at risk for SZ have reduced processing speed even after controlling for IQ as shown by the Edinburgh High-Risk Study (EHRS) ( p = 0.044) (Byrne et al, 2003; Cunningham Owens and Johnstone, 2006; O'Connor et al, 2009), as well as our studies which will be described later. These deficits might be state-independent given that psychotic symptoms do not alter the severity of speed of processing deficits in patients (O'Connor et al, 2009).…”

Section: Nature Of Neurocognitive Deficits In Young Relatives At Risksupporting

confidence: 65%

“…WM in all subsystems is impaired in first episode patients (Zanello et al, 2009) and unaffected first degree relatives (Conklin et al, 2005; Saperstein et al, 2006; Horan et al, 2008). Relatives of SZ patients perform poorly on spatial WM (Awh et al, 1998; Saperstein et al, 2006) and spatial memory capacity (O'Connor et al, 2009). Several studies report impairments in verbal, spatial and object WM domains with a graded pattern of impairment; deficits in patients > relatives > controls are observed for verbal WM (Niendam et al, 2003; Conklin et al, 2005).…”

Section: Nature Of Neurocognitive Deficits In Young Relatives At Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… D , Days ; m , months ; y , years ; f/u , follow-up ; aff , affective psychosis ; C , control group ; de , depression ; HR , High-Risk group ; HC sib , siblings of healthy controls ; mdd , major depressive disorder ; other , other mental disorder ; HR other , high risk for other disorders ; pd , personality disorder ; S , schizophrenia ; HR BP , High risk for bipolar disorder ; HR SZ , high risk for schizophrenia ; HR aff , high risk for affective psychoses ; EHRS , Edinburgh High Risk Study (Byrne et al , 1999 , 2003 ; Cosway et al , 2000 ; Johnstone et al , 2002 , 2005 ; Marjoram et al , 2006 ; Owens and Johnstone , 2006 ; Whyte et al , 2006 ; Whalley et al , 2007 ; O'Connor et al , 2009) ; PREP , Pittsburgh Risk Evaluation Program (Keshavan et al , 2005) ; HHAHRS , Harvard and Hillside Adolescent High Risk Study (Seidman et al , 2006) ; NCPP , National Collaborative Perinatal Project (P-Providence , B-Boston) (Kremen et al , 1997 ; Goldstein et al , 2000 ; Niendam et al , 2003) ; NYHRP , New York High Risk Project (Freedman et al , 1998 ; Cornblatt et al , 1999 ; Erlenmeyer-Kimling et al , 2000) ; JIDS , Jerusalem Infant Development Study (Marcus et al , 1987 ; Hans et al , 1999) ; IHRS , Israeli High Risk Study (Marcus et al , 1987 ; Mirsky et al , 1995) ; EUP , Emory University Project (Goodman , 1987) ; SLRRP , St. Louis Risk Research Project (Worland et al , 1982) ; RLS , The Rochester Longitudinal Study (Sameroff et al , 1987) ; SBHRP , Stony Brook High Risk Project (Weintraub , 1987 ; Franke et al , 1992 ; Delawalla et al , 2006 ; Klemm et al , 2006 ; Bediou et al , 2007 ; Ma et al , 2007 ; Eack and Mermon , 2009) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Premorbid cognitive deficits in young relatives of schizophrenia patients

Keshavan

Kulkarni

Bhojraj

et al. 2009

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia (SZ) are thought to be stable trait markers that predate the illness and manifest in relatives of patients. Adolescence is the age of maximum vulnerability to the onset of SZ and may be an opportune “window” to observe neurocognitive impairments close to but prior to the onset of psychosis. We reviewed the extant studies assessing neurocognitive deficits in young relatives at high risk (HR) for SZ and their relation to brain structural alterations. We also provide some additional data pertaining to the relation of these deficits to psychopathology and brain structural alterations from the Pittsburgh Risk Evaluation Program (PREP). Cognitive deficits are noted in the HR population, which are more severe in first-degree relatives compared to second-degree relatives and primarily involve psychomotor speed, memory, attention, reasoning, and social-cognition. Reduced general intelligence is also noted, although its relationship to these specific domains is underexplored. Premorbid cognitive deficits may be related to brain structural and functional abnormalities, underlining the neurobiological basis of this illness. Cognitive impairments might predict later emergence of psychopathology in at-risk subjects and may be targets of early remediation and preventive strategies. Although evidence for neurocognitive deficits in young relatives abounds, further studies on their structural underpinnings and on their candidate status as endophenotypes are needed.

show abstract

Section: Nature Of Neurocognitive Deficits In Young Relatives At Risksupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Nature Of Neurocognitive Deficits In Young Relatives At Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Premorbid cognitive deficits in young relatives of schizophrenia patients

Keshavan

Kulkarni

Bhojraj

et al. 2009

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, we recruited controls selected at random from the general population; such controls are likely to be more representative of the population than in previous studies but this approach may lead to less sensitivity to detect between-group differences. The Edinburgh high-risk study, which was not drawn from a clinic sample, found that symptomatic expression did not affect cognitive performance (O'Connor et al, 2009). However, this study did show that Spatial Working Memory and Stockings of Cambridge differentiated the family risk group from controls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different vulnerability indicators for psychosis and their neuropsychological characteristics in the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort

Mukkala

Ilonen

Nordström

et al. 2011

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study is one of very few that has investigated the neuropsychological functioning of both familial and clinical high risk subjects for psychosis. Participants (N = 164) were members of the Northern Finland 1986 Birth Cohort in the following four groups: familial risk for psychosis (n = 62), clinical risk for psychosis (n = 20), psychosis (n = 13), and control subjects (n = 69). The neurocognitive performance of these groups was compared across 19 cognitive variables. The two risk groups did not differ significantly from controls, but differed from the psychosis group in fine motor function. Neuropsychological impairments were not evident in a non-help-seeking high-risk sample.

show abstract

“…85 Other studies have also suggested that patients with schizophrenia may have a reduced memory span across modalities. 86,87 Two meta-analyses that examined working memory in patients with schizophrenia have suggested that the latter showed a substantial effect size for working memory deficits, regardless of modality, although there may be more consistent impairments in visual working memory. 88,89 However, it also has been suggested that working memory deficits may be the result of a general encoding deficit, particularly stimulus encoding (i.e., the transformation and preparation of presenting stimuli into a format facilitating collateral functions, including those of "working memory").…”

Section: Working Memory Deficitsmentioning

confidence: 99%