Specific Carbohydrate from Asterococcus mycoides for Serologic Tests of Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Kurotchkin, T. J.

doi:10.3181/00379727-37-9438p

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It stains with PAS, and it has also been shown that the addition of glucose to the medium causes thicker threads to be formed (Gourlay & MacLeod, 1966) indicating that the threads may be formed by products of glucose metabolism. A specific carbohydrate has been isolated from M. mycoides (Kurotchkin, 1937;Dafaalla, 1957), and Buttery & Plackett (1960) showed that it was a galactan and amounted to 10% of the dry weight of the organism. A similar galactan-containing lipo-polysaccharide was also shown to be present in blood and exudates of cattle infected with M. mycoides (Gourlay, 1964).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of Mycoplasma mycoides Thread-phase Growth

Gourlay

Thrower

1968

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYExamination of threads of Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides by optical and electron microscopy revealed organisms within a homogeneous mucinous matrix. This matrix stained with the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent method was almost electron-transparent and was probably lipo-polysaccharide (galactan) material. Treatment of threads with specific antibody produced a clearly visible microscopic precipitate strongly outlining the threads. By electron microscopy this precipitate was electron-dense, homogeneous, and finely granular ; it could frequently be seen surrounding individual mycoplasma cells as a well-defined capsule.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology of Mycoplasma mycoides Thread-phase Growth

Gourlay

Thrower

1968

Journal of General Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This polysaccharide secretion was documented long ago, and EPS was detected as a soluble product in the blood of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides-infected cattle at an early stage of the infection with simple techniques such as Ouchterlony immunoprecipitation in agar (12). Polysaccharides were soon regarded as virulence candidates for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Dynamic Genomic Loci Drive the Synthesis of Two Types of Capsular or Secreted Polysaccharides within the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster

Bertin

Pau-Roblot

Courtois

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

iMycoplasmas of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster are all ruminant pathogens. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides is responsible for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and is known to produce capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS). Previous studies have strongly suggested a role for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides polysaccharides in pathogenicity. Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides-secreted EPS was recently characterized as a ␤(1¡6)-galactofuranose homopolymer (galactan) identical to the capsular product. Here, we extended the characterization of secreted polysaccharides to all other members of the M. mycoides cluster: M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. leachii, and M. mycoides subsp. capri (including the LC and Capri serovars). Extracted EPS was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, resulting in the identification of a homopolymer of ␤(1¡2)-glucopyranose (glucan) in M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and M. leachii. Monoclonal antibodies specific for this glucan and for the Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides-secreted galactan were used to detect the two polysaccharides. While M. mycoides subsp. capri strains of serovar LC produced only capsular galactan, no polysaccharide could be detected in strains of serovar Capri. All strains of M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and M. leachii produced glucan CPS and EPS, whereas glucan production and localization varied among M. capricolum subsp. capricolum strains. Genes associated with polysaccharide synthesis and forming a biosynthetic pathway were predicted in all cluster members. These genes were organized in clusters within two loci representing genetic variability hot spots. Phylogenetic analysis showed that some of these genes, notably galE and glf, were acquired via horizontal gene transfer. These findings call for a reassessment of the specificity of the serological tests based on mycoplasma polysaccharides. Within the class Mollicutes, the so-called Mycoplasma mycoides cluster (MMC) (1) is unique: all the members of the MMC are pathogenic for ruminants, yet from a phylogenetic point of view, this cluster belongs to the Spiroplasma clade, which includes a number of species isolated from plants or insects (2). The taxonomy of the MMC was modified recently to reflect more precisely the phylogeny of this group. Because all the cluster members are closely related, their 16S rRNA gene sequences did not provide sufficient resolution to discriminate them accurately (3). A multilocus sequence typing approach was used to obtain a more precise phylogeny (4), which led to a simplification of the taxonomy (5) ( Table 1). The cluster currently comprises five species or subspecies: Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides, which was known formerly as the "small colony" (SC) biotype (1), M. mycoides subsp. capri, M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, and M. leachii. In addition, M. mycoides subsp. capri is subdivided in two serovars: the "large colony" serovar (M. mycoides subsp...

show abstract

“…Mycoplasma exopolysaccharides were first reported in the 1930s, when Kurotchkin described a carbohydrate released by M. mycoides subsp. mycoides into the culture medium and the blood of animals with acute CBPP (Kurotchkin, 1937;Kurotchkin and Benaradsky, 1938). It was then of unknown composition and structure, but cross-reacted serologically with the M. mycoides subsp.…”

Section: Composition and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mycoplasma spp. ‘Releasome’: A New Concept for a Long-Known Phenomenon

Gaurivaud

Tardy

2022

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bacterial secretome comprises polypeptides expressed at the cell surface or released into the extracellular environment as well as the corresponding secretion machineries. Despite their reduced coding capacities, Mycoplasma spp. are able to produce and release several components into their environment, including polypeptides, exopolysaccharides and extracellular vesicles. Technical difficulties in purifying these elements from the complex broth media used to grow mycoplasmas have recently been overcome by optimizing growth conditions and switching to chemically defined culture media. However, the secretion pathways responsible for the release of these structurally varied elements are still poorly described in mycoplasmas. We propose the use of the term ‘releasome,’ instead of secretome, to refer to molecules released by mycoplasmas into their environment. The aim of this review is to more precisely delineate the elements that should be considered part of the mycoplasmal releasome and their role in the interplay of mycoplasmas with host cells and tissues.

show abstract

Specific Carbohydrate from Asterococcus mycoides for Serologic Tests of Bovine Pleuropneumonia

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Morphology of Mycoplasma mycoides Thread-phase Growth

Morphology of Mycoplasma mycoides Thread-phase Growth

Highly Dynamic Genomic Loci Drive the Synthesis of Two Types of Capsular or Secreted Polysaccharides within the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster

The Mycoplasma spp. ‘Releasome’: A New Concept for a Long-Known Phenomenon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About