Specific aspects of the transitional layer forming in the aluminium bronze - stainless steel functionally graded structures after laser metal deposition

Makarenko, Konstantin; Dubinin, Oleg N.; Shornikov, P.; Shishkovsky, Igor

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2020.09.143

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The FGM was created by applying laser synthesis using the alternating layers of the binary system materials technique. This technique proved itself in our previous published research [44] and demonstrated the absence of defects such as cracking and porosity in the as-built specimens. The most important processing parameters are shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Materials Their Characteristics and Process Parameterssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…While the crystallization rate decreases, the secondary elements become wider. In the border points (P, 0) and (0, H), where the crystallization rate reaches zero in limit (35), the width of the secondary elements of the dendrites function reaches the infinite value in limit Function (44) demonstrates that there are two approximate theoretical areas of the dendrites in our specimen. The first area (Figure 15) is the region of the nanoscale and quasinanoscale (~50 nm) dendrites ("small dendrites").…”

Section: The Final Calculations and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The authors will estimate this value numerically and experimentally in further research. Function (44) demonstrates that there are two approximate theoretical areas of the dendrites in our specimen. The first area (Figure 15) is the region of the nanoscale and quasinanoscale (~50 nm) dendrites ("small dendrites").…”

Section: The Final Calculations and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The authors performed the DED of an FGM created from aluminum bronze with 10% Al and 1% Fe content and SS 316L using the alternating layers technique [ 44 ], observed the microstructure using optical and SEM methods and performed its EDX analysis. Using the fast-moving point source model with an ellipsoid crystallization front, two important crystallization parameters were analytically evaluated: the crystallization rate and the width of the secondary elements of the dendrites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The patterns of the tracks within a single layer for even and odd layers and the geometrical parameters of a single bed are presented in Figure 1 and Table 2 . All mentioned parameters were optimized earlier in our study [ 44 ]. The research of the microstructure was performed via the optical microscope Carl Zeiss and the scanning electronic microscope Quattro SEM.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Evaluation of the Dendritic Structure Parameters and Crystallization Rate of Laser-Deposited Cu-Fe Functionally Graded Materials

2020

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The paper is devoted to the direct energy deposition (DED) of functionally graded materials (FGMs) created from stainless steel and aluminum bronze with 10% content of Al and 1% of Fe. The results of the microstructure analysis using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) demonstrate the existence of a dendritic structure in the specimens. The crystallization rate of the gradient binary Cu-Fe system structures was investigated and calculated using the model of a fast-moving concentrated source with an ellipsoid crystallization front. The width of the secondary elements of the dendrites in the crystallized slab was numerically estimated as 0.2 nm at the center point of the circle heat spot, and the two types of dendrites were predicted in the specimen: the dendrites from 0.2 to approximately 50 nm and from approximately 0.1 to 0.3 μm in width of the secondary elements. The results were found to be in good accordance with the measured experimental values of the dendritic structure geometry parameters.

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Section: Materials Their Characteristics and Process Parameterssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: The Final Calculations and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: The Final Calculations and Their Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analytical Evaluation of the Dendritic Structure Parameters and Crystallization Rate of Laser-Deposited Cu-Fe Functionally Graded Materials

2020

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Individual process development of single and multi-material laser melting in novel modular laser powder bed fusion system

et al. 2022

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Additive manufacturing and especially the laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) with full melting of the powder offers tremendous potential and versatility for manufacturing high quality, complex, precision metal parts. However, for novel powder compositions the LPBF process development is very time consuming and cost intensive due to the layer wise melting and the powder prices. This research work investigates the manufacturing of single and layered multi-material structures in a novel modular lab-scaled LPBF machining system through individual process and material development. The developed system allows the use of different laser sources, optical arrangements, individual sensor and actuator integration. In addition, the modular LPBF system enables the manufacturing of specimens with a minimum amount of powder, individual mixed powder compositions or layered multi-material parts. In an application example, a multi-material specimen made out of stainless steel 316L and Bronze 90/10 was manufactured in alternating layers. For this approach, a parameter study was performed for each material to investigate the influence of the volumetric energy density (VED) on the specimen density, surface flatness and reduced mixing zone formation. Afterwards, optimized parameters were used to demonstrate the feasibility of the system to produce a multi-material layered 316L-Bronze part.

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In-situ dispersion hardened aluminum bronze/steel composites prepared using a double wire electron beam additive manufacturing

et al. 2022

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Specific aspects of the transitional layer forming in the aluminium bronze - stainless steel functionally graded structures after laser metal deposition

Cited by 12 publications

References 5 publications

Analytical Evaluation of the Dendritic Structure Parameters and Crystallization Rate of Laser-Deposited Cu-Fe Functionally Graded Materials

Analytical Evaluation of the Dendritic Structure Parameters and Crystallization Rate of Laser-Deposited Cu-Fe Functionally Graded Materials

Individual process development of single and multi-material laser melting in novel modular laser powder bed fusion system

In-situ dispersion hardened aluminum bronze/steel composites prepared using a double wire electron beam additive manufacturing

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