Specific Absorption Rate Assessment of Multiple Microstrip Patch Antenna Array

Abstract

Interaction between electromagnetic field (EMF) radiated from multiple antennas and human body is crucial to be explored as multiple antennas are the essential implemented devices to achieve the requirements of the future evolved fifth generation (5G) technology. Thus, this article presents a significant study of the radiated EMF effect from a single, and multiple antennas towards human through the assessment of specific absorption rate (SAR). The single antenna, 1 x 2, 1 x 3 and 1 x 4 arrays of microstrip patch antennas are designed to cover mobile operating frequencies of 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.6 GHz. Two types of human head phantoms are implemented in this study, which are specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) and Voxel head model that placed close to single antenna or antenna array to investigate the penetration of EMF towards the human tissue. The single antenna or antenna array is placed with fixed distance of 10 mm from the phantom, which excited by maximum allowable power of 19 dBm in CST Microwave Studio 2016. The effect of the radiated EMF that quantified by SAR parameter, which depicts satisfying results against the established standard limits at averaged 1g and 10g mass of tissues for all designated frequencies that utilized for single and multiple antennas.

The calculation of the field of an antenna located near the human head

“…The solution to this problem for elementary radiators can be generalized for more complex antenna systems. This is possible, since the formation of the field in these structures is carried out in the same way as in a conventional dipole [32]. A numerical an antenna located modeling design near the human head considered a layered spherical head model.…”

Compact low profile 5.8 GHz MPA for on-body applications

“…SAR represents the quantity of microwave frequency that can be absorbed by human tissues. Therefore, it is considered the most important parameter due to the influence of microwave frequency on body tissues [4]- [7]. Consequently, measuring of SAR should be done with high resolution [8], [9].…”

“…SAR is the absorbed energy that has a thermal effect on the human body in terms of tumors and cancers. In wireless medical applications [7], SAR, as an important parameter, is measured in W/Kg according to the International Commission Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guideline 1998 [11] with a maximum acceptable limit of 2.0 W/Kg for 10 g of tissue. In the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) [12], the maximum acceptable SAR is 1.6 W/Kg for 1 g of tissue.…”