“…The age of a specimen as a factor influencing the level of EDC concentrations in feathers is suggested by the literature (Falkowska et al 2013; Szumiło-Pilarska et al 2016). OP was the only compound for which the Kruskal–Wallis test indicated differences between concentrations in the herring gull feathers collected from juvenile specimens (on average 109.9 ng g −1 dw; n = 10) and mature ones [202.2 ng g −1 dw; n = 16: KW-H(1;26) = 1.7361; p = 0.1876; OP: KW-H(1;23) = 4.1885; p = 0.0407; NP: KW-H(1;25) = 0.3394; p = 0.5602].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both POPs (PCB, DDT, HCH) and mercury (i.e., organic mercury, MeHg) were found in the feathers of birds inhabiting the Baltic area. Studies showed that feathers are depot tissues for the accumulation of these compounds (Behrooz et al 2009; Szumiło-Pilarska et al 2016). …”
The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), and 4-nonylphenol (NP), in human hair, the fur of Baltic grey seals and the feathers of herring gulls. Hair was collected from 42 volunteers, while grey seal fur (n = 17) came from the seal centre in Hel (Marine Station of Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk) and gull covert feathers (n = 26) were collected from dead herring gulls along the Southern Baltic coast. Assays of phenol derivatives were conducted using the high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection technique. In human hair, the mean BPA concentration amounted to 411.2 ng g−1 dw, OP 131.2 ng g−1 dw, NP 4478.4 ng g−1 dw, in seal fur BPA 67.5 ng g−1 dw, OP 62.8 ng g−1 dw, NP 39.1 ng g−1 dw, and in feathers BPA 145.1 ng g−1 dw, OP 162.0 ng g−1 dw, NP 37.7 ng g−1 dw. The increase of the analysed EDCs in hair was significantly influenced by diet rich in products of marine origin, as well as hair colouring, heating up food in plastic containers, using home cleaning products without protective gloves and wearing newly purchased clothes without washing them first. The concentration of phenol derivatives in seal fur was influenced solely by the uniform diet rich in fish. In birds, the feeding area during molting significantly influenced the concentration of BPA, OP and NP found in covert feathers.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00244-017-0402-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…The age of a specimen as a factor influencing the level of EDC concentrations in feathers is suggested by the literature (Falkowska et al 2013; Szumiło-Pilarska et al 2016). OP was the only compound for which the Kruskal–Wallis test indicated differences between concentrations in the herring gull feathers collected from juvenile specimens (on average 109.9 ng g −1 dw; n = 10) and mature ones [202.2 ng g −1 dw; n = 16: KW-H(1;26) = 1.7361; p = 0.1876; OP: KW-H(1;23) = 4.1885; p = 0.0407; NP: KW-H(1;25) = 0.3394; p = 0.5602].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Both POPs (PCB, DDT, HCH) and mercury (i.e., organic mercury, MeHg) were found in the feathers of birds inhabiting the Baltic area. Studies showed that feathers are depot tissues for the accumulation of these compounds (Behrooz et al 2009; Szumiło-Pilarska et al 2016). …”
The purpose of the study was to determine the concentration of bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), and 4-nonylphenol (NP), in human hair, the fur of Baltic grey seals and the feathers of herring gulls. Hair was collected from 42 volunteers, while grey seal fur (n = 17) came from the seal centre in Hel (Marine Station of Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk) and gull covert feathers (n = 26) were collected from dead herring gulls along the Southern Baltic coast. Assays of phenol derivatives were conducted using the high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection technique. In human hair, the mean BPA concentration amounted to 411.2 ng g−1 dw, OP 131.2 ng g−1 dw, NP 4478.4 ng g−1 dw, in seal fur BPA 67.5 ng g−1 dw, OP 62.8 ng g−1 dw, NP 39.1 ng g−1 dw, and in feathers BPA 145.1 ng g−1 dw, OP 162.0 ng g−1 dw, NP 37.7 ng g−1 dw. The increase of the analysed EDCs in hair was significantly influenced by diet rich in products of marine origin, as well as hair colouring, heating up food in plastic containers, using home cleaning products without protective gloves and wearing newly purchased clothes without washing them first. The concentration of phenol derivatives in seal fur was influenced solely by the uniform diet rich in fish. In birds, the feeding area during molting significantly influenced the concentration of BPA, OP and NP found in covert feathers.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00244-017-0402-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…Kim et al (1996) observed, close to statistical significance, dependency between concentration of total mercury in feathers and a median of percentage MeHg content in the livers of seven gull species, including the herring gull from Northeastern Siberia.Fig. 4Relationship between total mercury in developing covert feathers and concentrations of Hg org ( y = 1269.6 ln( x ) − 4436) and Hg Inorg ( y = 849.5 ln( x ) − 3142) in the livers of herring gulls on the Polish coast in summer 2011 (results for organic and inorganic mercury concentration in the liver of the herring gull were taken from Szumiło-Pilarska et al 2015)
…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In great black-backed gulls and herring gulls, juvenile birds were those in their first winter plumage (herrin gull, n = 24; great black-backed gull, n = 4), immature were in their second/third plumage (herrin gull, n = 14; great black-backed gull, n = 3), and adults were in their fourth/final plumage (herrin gull, n = 27; great black-backed gull, n = 3). With black-headed gulls and common gulls, juveniles were in their first winter plumage (black-headed gull, n = 4; common gull, n = 4), immature were in their second plumage (black-headed gull, n = 4; common gull, n = 12), and adult birds were in their final plumage (black-headed gull, n = 13; common gull, n = 3) (Szumiło-Pilarska et al 2015). Owing to sexual immaturity and condition of internal sex organs, birds’ sex was subjected to PCR DNA amplification genetic testing (Fridolfsson and Ellegren 1999).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Results for mercury concentrations in gull feathers are unavailable, except from Szumiło et al (2013) and Szumiło-Pilarska et al 2015.…”
Gulls were assessed as sentinels of contamination in the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic, research material being obtained from dead birds collected on Polish beaches and near fishing ports in 2009–2012. In feathers and blood of four gull species: herring gull (Larus argentatus), common gull (Larus canus), black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus), and great black-backed gull (Larus marinus), concentration of total mercury (HgT) was assayed, taking into account the type of feathers, sex, and age. Stable isotopes (δ15N, δ13C) were used as tracers of trophic position in the food web. In the study, feathers and blood were compared as non-invasive indicators of alimentary exposure introducing mercury into the system. In order to do that, the correlations between mercury concentrations in the blood, feathers, and the birds’ internal tissues were examined. The strongest relations were observed in the liver for each species R
2
Common Gull = 0.94, p = 0.001; R
2
Black-headed Gull = 0.89, p = 0.001; R
2
Great Black-backed Gull = 0.53, p = 0.001; R
2
Herring Gull = 0.78, p = 0.001. While no correlation was found with feathers, only developing feathers of juvenile herring gulls were found to be a good indicator immediate of exposure through food (R
2
muscle = 0.71, p = 0.001; R
2
kidneys = 0.73, p = 0.001; R
2
heart = 0.89, p = 0.001; R
2
lungs = 0.86, p = 0.001; R
2
brain = 0.83, p = 0.001). Additionally, based on studies of herring gull primary feathers, decrease of mercury concentration in the diet of birds over the last two decades is also discussed.
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