Species Differences in the Reaction of the Mammalian Skeleton to Estrogens.

Budy, Ann M.; McLean, Franklin C.

doi:10.3181/00379727-68-16473

Cited by 57 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…While many early estrogen-related boneibone-cell studies were performed with a pharmacological dose of estrogen in intact mice (Urist et al, 1948;Simmons, 1963Simmons, , 1966Silberberg and Silberberg, 19711, few attempts have been made to demonstrate similar cell changes with a lower dose of estrogen in ovariectomized animals. Our observation of a similar decrease in trabecular osteoclasts and comparable increases above control in trabecular bone, in the number of osteoclasts in the marrow space, and in the number and the mean cell size of endosteal osteoblasts in ovariectomized mice treated with a lower dose of estrogen confirm our findings in intact mice and further extend these observations to ovariectomized mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To reassess boneibone-cell changes comparable to those described by earlier investigators (Day and Follis, 1941;Silberberg, 1941a, b, 1971;Urist et al, 1948Urist et al, , 1950Bernick and Ershoff, 1963;Tapp, 19661, a pharmacological dose of estrogen (0.5 mgitwice a week) was administered to intact mice, so that any discrepancy in bone-cell changes compared with those described by these investigators could not be ascribed to a lower dose of estrogen employed, e.g., if osteoclasts were seen in mice treated with a lower dose of estrogen, it could be argued that a higher dose of estrogen is necessary to observe the described osteoclast changes (Urist et al, 1948;Tapp, 1966;Silberberg and Silberberg, 1971).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The difficulty is further complicated by the unsuccessful efforts of many investigators to demonstrate the anticipated inhibitory effect of estrogen on bone resorption in vitro (Caputo et al, 1976;Liskova-Kiar, 1976;Stewart and Stern, 1987). In a few earlier studies it was reported that osteoclasts were rarely formed, scanty, or even absent in animals treated with estrogen (Urist et al, 1948;Tapp, 1966;Silberberg and Silberberg, 1971 1, which presumably accounted for, a t least in part, the observed increase in bone mass seen in these experimental animals. This conclusion, however, was based on observations of osteoclasts that were neither identified histochemically nor quantified.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, changes in osteoclasts in the marrow space were not described in the estrogenc 1991 WILEY-LISS. INC. treated animals (Day and Follis, 1941;Silberberg, 1941a,b, 1971;Urist et al, 1948Urist et al, , 1950Bernick and Ershoff, 1963;Tapp, 1966). This omission could be crucial if there were dissociation of osteoclasts from bone surfaces as seen after calcitonin treatment (Mills et al, 1972;Singer et al, 1976) or during bone repletion (Liu et al, 1982).…”

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Bone‐cell changes in estrogen‐induced bone‐mass increase in mice: Dissociation of osteoclasts from bone surfaces

Liu

Howard

1991

Anat. Rec.

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Early studies in certain avian and mammalian species have described estrogen-associated bone-cell changes, which were based on bone cells that were neither quantified nor identified histochemically (osteoclasts). In the experiments described here, weanling female mice were given a pharmacological dose of 17 beta-estradiol benzoate (1 mg/week) for 1 and 4 weeks, and changes in osteoclasts and osteoblasts were assessed in tibial metaphyses and diaphyses. In the proximal metaphysis, the number of osteoclasts/mm surface length was significantly reduced by estrogen at 1 week (43%) and 4 weeks (64%), which was accompanied by significant increases in the number of osteoclasts in the marrow space not in contact with bone surfaces (no./mm2: 382% and 999%, respectively). These increases, along with observations of decreased osteoclast size (19%), of changes in osteoclast morphology, and of numerous acid-phosphatase-positive fragments in the marrow space, suggest that estrogen treatment causes the dissociation and disintegration, and thus decreased activity, of osteoclasts. The above changes were accompanied by more than 48% increases in the number of trabecular osteoblasts. In the diaphysis, the number of endosteal osteoclasts was significantly decreased by estrogen at 1 week (32%), but was not significantly changed at 4 weeks. These changes were attended by significant increases in the number of osteoclasts in the marrow space not in contact with bone surfaces (no./mm2: 393% at 1 week and 342% at 4 weeks). The number of endosteal osteoblasts was also increased by estrogen at 1 week (132%), and so was the size of endosteal osteoblasts (39% at 1 week and 81% at 4 weeks). Comparable results were obtained when a lower dose of 17 beta-estradiol benzoate (20 micrograms/week) was given to ovariectomized mice. The increase in bone mass and its associated cell changes following estrogen treatment were also found in athymic nude mice, suggesting that these bone/bone cell changes are independent of the thymus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone‐cell changes in estrogen‐induced bone‐mass increase in mice: Dissociation of osteoclasts from bone surfaces

Liu

Howard

1991

Anat. Rec.

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“…Early experimental work published by Urist et al [6] stated that, in estrogen-deficient rats, there was a decrease in bone formation and an increase in bone resorption. A recent review by Recker [7] addresses the up-to-date knowledge concerning the ovarian hormonal status and postmenopausal osteoporosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oophorectomy and cortical bone remodeling in the beagle

1984

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Cortical bone remodeling measurements were carried out on the ribs of 6 spayed and five control Beagle dams which had been subjected to a period of observation equal to more than one sigma of cortical bone remodeling activity. The results of the measurements of static and dynamic parameters indicate that the lack of ovarian hormones does not produce a major alteration in the rates of cortical bone remodeling, but does result in an increase in the number of resorption spaces per mm2 of cortical bone without altering the parameters of bone function. This latter fact supports the hypothesis that decreased levels of circulatory ovarian hormones may influence the duration of the resorption activity as well as possibly uncoupling the resorption/formation (R/F) mechanism of the bone remodeling unit.

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Comparative morphology of the marrow sac

Simmons

Hawkins

et al. 2000

Anat. Rec.

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Species Differences in the Reaction of the Mammalian Skeleton to Estrogens.

Cited by 57 publications

References 0 publications

Bone‐cell changes in estrogen‐induced bone‐mass increase in mice: Dissociation of osteoclasts from bone surfaces

Bone‐cell changes in estrogen‐induced bone‐mass increase in mice: Dissociation of osteoclasts from bone surfaces

Oophorectomy and cortical bone remodeling in the beagle

Comparative morphology of the marrow sac

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