Species composition and fauna distribution of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and its importance for vector-borne diseases in a rural area of Central Western - Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract. This study describes ecological data obtained in a rural area in the State of Mato Grosso, including the insects belonging to the family Culicidae, especially those framed as potential vectors of tropical diseases. In 2015, we collected adult mosquitoes in fragments of forest in a rural area located in Mato Grosso Central West of Brazil. We captured 18,256 mosquitoes of the sub-families Culicinae and Anophelinae and have identified 34 species belonging to 12 genera: Aedes (1 species), Anopheles (8 species), Coquillettidia (1 species), Haemagogus (1 species), Culex (5 species), Psorophora (5 species), Ochlerotatus (4 species), Deinocerites (1 species), Mansonia (4 species), Sabethes (2 species), Limatus (1 species), Wyeomyia (1 species). The family Culicidae presented high richness and abundance, established by diversity indexes (Margalef α =3.26; Shannon H' = 2.09; Simpson D = 0.19) with dominance of the species Anopheles (Nyssorhyncus) darlingi Root (89.8%). This species has considerable epidemiological value, considered the main vector of malaria in Mato Grosso. Many species of mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and domestic animals, transmitting pathogens including viruses (arboviruses), filaria worms (helminths) and protozoa.Composição de espécies e distribuição da fauna de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) e sua importância para doenças transmitidas por vetores em uma área rural do centro-ocidental - Mato Grosso, BrasilResumo. Este estudo descreve dados ecológicos de uma área rural do Estado de Mato Grosso e dos insetos da família Culicidae especialmente aqueles enquadrados como vetores potenciais de doenças tropicais. Em 2015, coletamos mosquitos adultos em fragmentos de floresta em localidades de áreas rurais no Mato Grosso região Centro Oeste do Brasil. Foram capturados 18.256 exemplares alados de mosquitos das subfamílias Culicinae e Anophelinae e identificadas 34 espécies pertencentes a 12 gêneros: Aedes (1 espécie), Anopheles (8 espécies), Coquillettidia (1 espécie), Haemagogus (1 espécie), Culex (5 espécies), Psorophora (5 espécies), Ochlerotatus (4 espécies), Deinocerites (1 espécie), Mansonia (4 espécies), Sabethes (2 espécies), Limatus (1 espécie), Wyeomyia (1 espécie). A família Culicidae apresentou alta riqueza e abundância, estabelecida por índices de diversidade (Margalef α = 3.26, Shannon H' = 2.09, Simpson D = 0.19) com predominância da espécie Anopheles (Nyssorhyncus)darlingi Root (89.8%). Esta espécie tem considerável valor epidemiológico, sendo considerada o principal vetor de malária em Mato Grosso. Muitas espécies de mosquitos são vetores de patógenos que causam doenças em humanos e animais domésticos, transmitindo patógenos incluindo vírus (arboviroses), filárias (helmintos) e protozoários.

Observational Characterization of the Ecological and Environmental Features Associated with the Presence of Oropouche Virus and the Primary Vector Culicoides paraensis: Data Synthesis and Systematic Review

“…There were 13/34 studies from the vector search that described land use (Figure 5). The most common use of land was crop cultivation (nine studies)) [30,80,85,88,89,104,108,110,112], followed by livestock (seven studies) [80,91,97,99,102,104,108]. In studies, crop cultivation and livestock were noted [80,104,108].…”

“…Streams were the second most frequently mentioned in five articles [30,89,90,108,110]. There were four studies that noted marshes/swamps [89,99,107,112], whereas coastal locations [91,94], lakes [83,86,89], floodplains [83,95], and springs [86,89] were all water sources mentioned twice each. There was one location where surveillance took place at the site of a dam [82] and one study that took place in the Pantanal [83].…”

“…Of the 34 studies from the C. paraensis search, 26 (76.5%) made note of the land cover (Figure 5). Primary and secondary forest locations were noted in sexteen [30,81,83,85,89,90,95,98,99,102,104,[107][108][109][110]112] and eleven studies [80,82,84,86,88,92,99,101,102,104,106], respectively. There were three surveillance studies that took place in locations described as cerrado [83,84,112], while both mangrove [91,112] and restinga land cover [98,100] types were mentioned.…”

“…Restinga refers to coastal forests with the soil mostly consisting of sand and salt. There were several studies that had overlapping types of land cover which included cerrado, primary forest, and secondary forest locations [83,84,98,99,102,104,112].…”

Global Trends of Emerging Infectious Diseases and the Impacts on Biodiversity: Spillover, Diversity and the Role of Bats in Evolutionary Relationships as Zoonotic Virus Reservoirs

“…We use as a classic and practical example, among the risk factors are related to the presence of human beings in rural and wild areas, the infections generated by infected mosquitoes and that, perhaps, will bite human beings, who will present distinct symptoms, of according to each person and the level of severity of the disease. These diseases, called arboviruses, cause infections, and the causes are viruses of the family Flaviviridae, such as West Nile Fever (WNF), Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZKA), Chikungunya (CHKV), Yellow fever (YFV) and Mayaro Fever (MAYV) of the Togaviridae family [91] The loss and decrease of biodiversity can affect the transmission of the disease by several mechanisms, as each species has a different effect on the transmission of pathogens and the decline in diversity can equally likely to cause a decrease or an increase in the transmission of diseases in the remaining species. As an example, the West Nile virus is a virus transmitted by mosquitoes, for which several species of passerine bird's act as hosts, the low diversity of birds increases human risk and the incidence of diseases, amplifying the virus, inducing a high prevalence of infection in mosquitoes.…”