Species-area Curves, Spatial Aggregation, and Habitat Specialization in Tropical Forests

Evidence for a General Species–time–area Relationship

“…Equating species accumulation with species turnover Kinzig 1997, Lennon et al 2001), this means that the rate of spatial turnover decreases as the time span of sampling increases, and vice versa. Although sampling effects undoubtedly play some role in generating this pattern (more individuals are censused as spatial and temporal scales increase), sampling processes alone cannot explain the SAR (Rosenzweig 1995, Plotkin et al 2000, Green et al 2003 or the STR (Rosenzweig 1995, Adler and Lauenroth 2003, White 2004, pointing to the importance of spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the distribution of species.…”

Biomass–Diversity Responses and Spatial Dependencies in Disturbed Tallgrass Prairies

“…In this case, small-scale, randomly distributed heterogeneities (generated via either deterministic nonlinearities such as the inhibitory effect of fuel accumulation or local stochasticity) break down the coalesced patches generated by fast spread of fire (Green, 1989), creating a wide mosaic of structures with different areas, where core (dominant) and satellite (rare) species could coexist. Thus, rare or non-dominant species would colonize gaps creating clumped distributions, already observed in other systems, such as tropical rainforests (Plotkin et al, 2000). In these systems, internal dynamics through mechanisms of gap-formation via tree-avalanches has been reported to produce power-law distributions of gap area (Sol!…”

Espaço e diversificação: uma perspectiva teórica

“…Posteriormente foi mostrado que esse tipo de mecanismo de especiação é contingente às propriedades geográficas das simulações (Martins, de Aguiar, and BarYam 2013). Na natureza organismos frequentemente estão espaçados irregularmente pelo ambiente (Plotkin et al 2000). Dentre as explicações mais comuns para a heterogeneidade na distribuição de organismos está a heterogeneidade subjacente de algum recurso ou condição ambiental.…”

“…The expected K function of a Matérn cluster process realization is well known, and this can be explored to find parameters that specify a Matérn cluster process with an expected K function that has a minimal distance from the K function of an observed pattern (Stoyan 1992). The parameters of the optimized Matérn cluster can then be used to characterize observed patterns in terms of cluster sizes and distances (Plotkin et al 2000).…”

“…It is known that organisms are frequently irregularly spaced on their environments (Plotkin et al 2000). Explanations for this heterogeneity in spatial distribution range from an actual spatial heterogeneity in resource distribution to patterning that emerges through interaction between organisms and dispersal (Turing 1952).…”