Speciation process on Brazilian continental islands, with the description of a new insular lancehead of the genus Bothrops (Serpentes, Viperidae)

Isolated by dry lands: integrative analyses unveil the existence of a new species and a previously unknown evolutionary lineage of Brazilian Lanceheads (Serpentes: Viperidae: Bothrops) from a Caatinga moist-forest enclave

“…We identified possible outliers by the inspection of Quantile-Quantile plots, histograms, and boxplot graphs. We followed the approach implemented by Barbo et al (2021a) and we eliminated extreme and probably deviant values from each variable only for statistical purposes, but not for variability description. We completely removed variables when they were not estimated for any individual for a specific operation taxonomic unit (OTU).…”

“…To estimate the phylogenetic position of the population from Pico do Jabre, we built a concatenated molecular matrix consisting of the two mitochondrial gene fragments cytochrome b (cytb) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (nd4). We included in our molecular dataset representatives of all groups of Bothrops, and the majority of our matrix was composed of sequences downloaded from GenBank (Supplementary Table S3), 1 derived from studies focused on the B. jararaca (Barbo et al 2021a), B. neuwiedi (Machado et al 2014;Carrasco et al 2019), andB. jararacussu groups (Dal Vechio et al 2021).…”

Patterns of morphological variation and ecological correlates in the skull of vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae)

“…For PLS‐DA and correlation analyses (see below), we used a reduced dataset in which subcategories with less than five individuals were removed because small or unequal sample size can bias methods based on linear regression (Ruiz‐Perez et al, 2020). PLS‐DA follows the same approach implemented by Barbo et al (2022).…”

“…We further identified outliers and possible problems in the distribution of these variables through the inspection of quantile–quantile plots, histograms, and box plot graphs. We also implemented an approach to eliminate extreme and probably deviant values from each variable using the R script implemented by Barbo et al (2022). We applied this script for each ecological predictor independently because the approach considers the variability within group to define deviant values.…”

>b<Determinação do ciclo reprodutivo da jararaca do norte (>i<Bothrops Atrox>/i< - Linnaeus 1758) através de dosagens hormonais e análise ultrassonográfica das gônadas>/b<

“…A jararaca-da-Amazônia (Bothrops atrox) pertence à família Viperidae, a qual inclui cascavéis, surucucus-pico-de-jaca, víboras europeias, africanas e asiáticas, sendo assim uma família de ampla distribuição geográfica, desde regiões temperadas até equatoriais (PYRON; BURBRINK; WIENS, 2013;HAMDAN et al, 2020;THE REPTILE DATABASE, 2021). O gênero Bothrops, que inclui cerca de 30 espécies de jararacas em território brasileiro, é caracterizado por serpentes vivíparas, com dimorfismo sexual, cujas fêmeas são maiores que machos (ALMEIDA-SANTOS; SALOMÃO, 2002;HAMDAN et al, 2020;BARBO et al, 2022aBARBO et al, , 2022b A capacidade da fêmea acumular reservas de energia corpórea para investir em reprodução é diretamente dependente da disponibilidade de presas em seu habitat (BARROS; ROJAS; ALMEIDA-SANTOS, 2020 GINTHER, 1992). A técnica permite a avaliação frequente ou contínua de animais individuais, permitindo o acompanhamento de relações sequenciais dentro e entre as estruturas.…”