Speciation of germanium in environmental water reference materials by hydride generation and cryotrapping in combination with ICP-MS/MS

García-Figueroa, Adrián; Filella, Montserrat; Matoušek, Tomáš

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121972

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Arsenic speciation analysis was performed simultaneously in the samples (As results not presented in this study), a method compatible with both elements needed to be adopted. Thus, an adaptation of hydride generationcryotrappinginductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HG-CT-ICP MS/MS) element-dedicated methods previously described for speciation analysis of As and Ge was used: while the system setup and ICP-MS/MS setting were identical as described for Ge (García-Figueroa et al, 2021), reagent concentrations and flow rates corresponded to the optimum values for As analysis (Matoušek et al, 2013). They were, however, entirely compatible with Ge speciation analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generated volatile (methylated) hydrides were collected, preconcentrated and separated in a quartz U-tube filled with approximately 0.9 g of Chromosorb WAW-DMCS 45/60, 15% OV-3 (Supelco). Cooling of U-tube and heating for sequential desorption of hydrides were performed in a semi-automated system on a Perkin-Elmer FIAS unit (García-Figueroa et al, 2021). ICP MS/MS Agilent 8900 in O 2 mode with mass shift (m/z 72->88) was used for detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In practice, L-cys pretreatment for methylated species could not be performed online but offline at least 1 h prior to the analysis, as required for As, and the sample volume and flow rates optimized for As were adopted (Matoušek et al, 2013). This resulted in slightly worse limits of detection (LOD) for Ge species: 0.07-0.16, 0.02-0.05 and 0.01-0.04 ng L − 1 for iGe, MGe and DMGe, respectively, compared to the method fully optimized for Ge speciation (García-Figueroa et al, 2021). LOD and LOQ were assessed for each analysis day as three and ten standard deviations of blank values obtained over the course of measurements.…”

Section: Analytical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, bottom concentrations far exceeded the scale depicted (Andreae and Froelich, 1984;Lewis et al, 1989). iGe values recently measured in ocean CRMs were 0.23 ng L − 1 (NASS-7, sampled in North Atlantic off the continental shelf east of Halifax, Canada) and 0.67 ng L − 1 (CASS-6, sampled in Halifax harbor) (García-Figueroa et al, 2021). Values are given as Ge content in ng L − 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The whole cycle is illustrated in Figure SI1. Given the low concentrations expected and the difficulties inherent to the measurement of Ge and its speciation (Filella and Rodushkin, 2018;García-Figueroa et al, 2021), we have paid particular attention to the analytical reliability of the results obtained. Care has also been taken to avoid the extended use of "spurious" correlations (Berges, 1997) that has plagued data analysis of Ge in natural waters (e. g., Chillrud et al, 1994;Evans and Derry, 2002;Ellwood and Maher, 2003;Sutton et al, 2010;Baronas et al, 2016) when interpreting the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germanium in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) along the spring productivity period

Filella

Matoušek

2022

Applied Geochemistry

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analytical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germanium in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) along the spring productivity period

Filella

Matoušek

2022

Applied Geochemistry

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Germanium speciation study in soil from an electronic waste processing plant area

et al. 2023

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Purpose Germanium (Ge) is known as a Technology Critical Element (TCE) and has been widely used in electronic and industrial products. Waste electronic and electrical equipment (WEEE) containing germanium goes to WEEE treatment plants. The transfer of Ge in the environment makes it necessary to get to know its mobility, reactivity, and chemical transformations in soil. The objective of this research was to develop a methodology for germanium speciation in soil under pressure from storage, processing, and recovery from electrowaste. Materials and methods Thirty soil cores (30 cm long) were collected from an area around a WEEE plant, using a Humax soil sampler. Soil magnetometry methods were used for the first time during the determination of soil sampling points for germanium. After basic physicochemical analysis (pH, Eh, total element concentration using the ICP-MS technique), soil samples were prepared for germanium speciation. The optimisation and validation of a methodology for determining Ge species in easily-leached fractions of soil collected from areas around an electrowaste plant, was studied using Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS). Chromatographic conditions were optimised, taking soil matrix effects into account. Optimised Ge extraction from the soil included: extraction time, type of extractants, extraction support using shaking, and ultrasound. Results and discussion The Ge species (Ge(IV), monomethylgermanium (MMGe), and dimethylgermanium (DMGe)) were successfully separated after 12 min on a Dionex IonPac AS9-HC column with ammonium nitrate and potassium sodium tartrate as an elution phase. The highest extraction efficiency was achieved by using 100 mM NH4NO3 with 1 mM potassium sodium tartrate as an extractant, that washes out Ge from soils within 4 h. In most cases, the soils contained a Ge(IV) form. Germanium methyl derivatives were only found in a few soil samples. Our research showed that germanium concentration in the studied area was as high as 7.64 mg.kg−1, with an average concentration of 3.51 mg.kg−1. The results allowed the creation of a correlation matrix, which identified many strong correlations. Conclusion This research confirmed the impact of a WEEE plant on the increase of the Ge content in topsoil, when in direct proximity. Increased germanium content occurred in soil samples located north of the emitter, which is consistent with the prevailing wind direction. The study confirmed that the soil magnetometry method is applicable for detecting TCE. Soil samples with the highest content of germanium had a very high magnetic susceptibility and there is a correlation between these parameters.

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Germanium

Keith¹,

Maples-Reynolds²

2022

Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals

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Speciation of germanium in environmental water reference materials by hydride generation and cryotrapping in combination with ICP-MS/MS

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Germanium in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) along the spring productivity period

Germanium in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) along the spring productivity period

Germanium speciation study in soil from an electronic waste processing plant area

Germanium

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