Special pathology and therapeutics of the diseases of domestic animals

Hutyra, Ferenc; Marek, J; Mohler, John R.; Eichhorn, Adolph

doi:10.5962/bhl.title.57835

Cited by 105 publications

(93 citation statements)

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“…It is commonly asserted in the literature that natural infection of cattle usually takes place by the oral route (Edmonds & Walker, 1929;Curasson, 1932;Hutyra, Marek & Manninger, 1946;Hagan & Bruner, 1957) and yet there are numerous reports that the virus easily invades the body from the nasal mucosae (see, for example, Hornby, 1926;Hall, 1933) whilst drenching with virulent material frequently fails to set up the disease (Schein & Jacotot, 1925;Hornby, 1926). Our results with intranasal installation certainly agree with those of Hornby and Hall and suggest that this is the common natural route of infection with rinderpest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Hornby (1926) stated that urine in small quantities was not infective before the 3rd day and had lost its virulence on the 3rd to 5th days following the subsidence of fever, many text-books still emphasize the importance of urine in disseminating the infection (Hutyra et al 1946;Hagan & Bruner, 1957). Our experiments showed that virus became detectable on the first day of pyrexia and was demonstrable up to the 9th day following its onset.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mucoid or blood-streaked diarrhoea is common in the later course of virulent distemper infection (Hutyra et al 1946) but data on faecal viral excretion have not been published either for the dog, the ferret or the mink. Gorham & Brandley (1953), however, failed to find virus in the colon contents of infected ferrets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the pathogenesis of rinderpest in experimental cattle I. Correlation of clinical signs, viraemia and virus excretion by various routes

Ließ

Plowright

1964

J. Hyg.

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A total of twenty-five grade cattle were infected experimentally with a strain of rinderpest virus of moderately high virulence (RGK/1). Three methods of introduction of the virus were employed, i.e. subcutaneous or intranasal inoculation (14 animals) and housing in contact with reacting cattle (11 animals).A quantitative study of the viraemia and of virus excretion by the nasal, urinary and faecal routes, was made by the inoculation of primary calf kidney cultures. All virological data were related to the onset of pyrexia, the incubation period in inoculated animals being 3–5 days, while in those infected by contact it was 8–11 days. Viraemia preceded the first rise of temperature by as much as 2 days in inoculated animals and 1 day in the contact cases. All animals had viraemia by the 4th day of the disease, but thereafter the percentage of positives declined rapidly, reaching nil by the 9th day.The case mortality rate was 48 % with the majority of animals dying on the 7th to 10th days after reaction.Virus was detected in the nasal secretions of some animals on the 2nd day preceding pyrexia. The proportion of nasal excretors rose slowly to reach a maximum of 87·5 % on the 4th day and no positives were detected after the 9th day of fever. The titre of virus in nasal discharges reached high levels, often probably in the region of 105·0 to 106·0 TCD 50/ml.Urinary excretion of virus began on the 1st day of fever in about 25 % of animals; reaching a maximum of 62·5 % on the 7th day. No virus was recovered from the urine after the 8th day of the disease, the rapid decline in the excretor rate being only partially attributable to the death of severe cases. Urinary titres were relatively low; they seldom exceeded 102·0 TCD 50/ml.Virus was first recovered from the faeces on the 3rd day of pyrexia. Excretion by this route was not constantly associated with the development of diarrhoea, but the rapid decline which occurred in the excretor rate on the 8th and 9th days was undoubtedly attributable to the death of diarrhoeic individuals which took place at that time. The majority of faecal titres were in the approximate range of 103·0 to 104·0 TCD 50/g. but occasional samples attained ca. 106·0 TCD 50/g.It was calculated, from the clinical and virological data that cattle can excrete virus, at least by the nasal route, as much as 6 days before the appearance of pathognomonic clinical signs, i.e. oral necrosis and erosion.Our findings for rinderpest were compared with those of other investigators of this disease and also with the available information on canine distemper and human measles.We are very grateful for their able technical assistance to Messrs L. W. Rowe, C. S. Rampton and R. F. Staple. Particular thanks are due to Mr C. S. Rampton for his preparation of all the figures. We have received considerable and indispensable help from our junior laboratory staff, especially Mr Francis Ngugi Gachuhi and Mr Joash Adero.This paper is published by permission of Mr H. R. Binns, C.M.G., O.B.E., the Director of the East African Veterinary Research Organization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on the pathogenesis of rinderpest in experimental cattle I. Correlation of clinical signs, viraemia and virus excretion by various routes

Ließ

Plowright

1964

J. Hyg.

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“…B. mallei usually spread via lymphatics. The isolation of bacillus from nasal discharge is not easy as it is usually highly contaminated Several other serological tests were developed which include agglutination test [12], Indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test [13], precipitation test [12], immunodiffusion test [14], counter-immuno-electrophoresis test [15], [17], enzyme-linked immunosor-bent assay (ELISA) [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of PCR, DNA hybridization and immunomagnetic separation — PCR for detection of Burkholderia mallei in artificially inoculated environmental samples

et al. 2010

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“…nerves reproduced the lifeless condition of the limb as described by Brumley (1943). If the sixth, seventh and eighth cervical spinal nerves were resectioned the animal was able to bear-weight, and a o * condition similar, to the one described by Hutyra et al (1938) was 165 A description of the sequellae to rejection of the sixth, seventh and eighth cervical spinal nerves was not fdund in the literature . reviewed to date.…”

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confidence: 97%

Neuroanatomy of the brachial plexus of the dog

Bowne

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Special pathology and therapeutics of the diseases of domestic animals

Cited by 105 publications

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Studies on the pathogenesis of rinderpest in experimental cattle I. Correlation of clinical signs, viraemia and virus excretion by various routes

Studies on the pathogenesis of rinderpest in experimental cattle I. Correlation of clinical signs, viraemia and virus excretion by various routes

Evaluation of PCR, DNA hybridization and immunomagnetic separation — PCR for detection of Burkholderia mallei in artificially inoculated environmental samples

Neuroanatomy of the brachial plexus of the dog

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