Special Engineering Aspects

Process control in cell culture technology using dielectric spectroscopy

“…The key parameters to be monitored in cell culture are substrate and metabolite concentrations, temperature, pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures, protein concentration and especially the concentration and state of entities such as cells or virus [Czermak et al, 2009]. This list is certainly not complete as far as the impact on cell culture is concerned.…”

Optimization of Insect Cell Based Protein Production Processes - Online Monitoring, Expression Systems, Scale Up

“…For that purpose, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched the process analytical technology (PAT) initiative which is intended to achieve these goals by implementing modern process monitoring tools for critical process parameters during all stages of the production processes. Particularly in cell culture processes, small changes of critical parameters such as temperature, hydrodynamic conditions, pH, nutrient supply or dissolved oxygen concentration can lead to alternations in cell metabolism and finally influence product yield and quality [33]. Moreover, from the industrial point of view low process efficiencies and productivities can even result in unprofitability of processes [34].…”

Cultivation and comparison of BHK-21 anchorage semi-dependent cell line in different production systems

“…As it is known the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) or the specific oxygen consumption rate (q) is influenced by the cell type, cell density, proliferative state of the culture, and glucose and glutamine concentration. The OUR is a good indicator of cellular activity; under some conditions, it is even a good indicator of the number of viable cells [4,20]. All animal cell cultures are aerobic processes in which the oxygen requirement varies depending on the cell lines used.…”

“…Animal tissue and/or cell culture has important implications in biotechnology in the production of vaccines, pharmaceuticals and antibodies (used for diagnosis and treatment) [1][2][3]. Moreover the culture of some animal cells can produce a correctly processed protein that can be secreted into the culture medium, which greatly facilitates the purification process [4].…”

“…On the industrial scale the adherent cell lines can be cultivated on micro-carriers (e.g., for vaccine production) or adapted to grow in suspension, as in the case of cell lines derived from BHK or CHO [4]. Adaptation ability of many cell types to suspension culture and make use of polymeric additives to decrease shear stress on the cells, have facilitated the application of the suspension cell culture systems.…”