Spearcon Performance and Preference for Auditory Menus on a Mobile Phone

Walker, Bruce N.; Kogan, A.B.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02710-9_49

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, there are many questions remaining to be answered on aesthetics, preference, and annoyance. Recent work has begun to study the subjective improvements to auditory menus from spearcons and other similar enhancements [Walker and Kogan 2009]. Following this line, the present study will show how the user's acceptance level can be changed as a function of preference and annoyance level, despite maintaining a similar level of objective performance.…”

Section: Preference Andmentioning

confidence: 78%

Spindex (Speech Index) Improves Auditory Menu Acceptance and Navigation Performance

Jeon

Walker

2011

ACM Trans. Access. Comput.

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Users interact with mobile devices through menus, which can include many items. Auditory menus have the potential to make those devices more accessible to a wide range of users. However, auditory menus are a relatively new concept, and there are few guidelines that describe how to design them. In this paper, we detail how visual menu concepts may be applied to auditory menus in order to help develop design guidelines. Specifically, we examine how to optimize the designs of a new contextual cue, called "spindex" (i.e., speech index). We developed and evaluated various design alternatives for spindex and iteratively refined the design with sighted users and visually impaired users. As a result, the "attenuated" spindex was the best in terms of preference as well as performance, across user groups. Nevertheless, sighted and visually impaired participants showed slightly different responses and feedback. Results are discussed in terms of acoustical theory, practical display design, and assistive technology design.

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Section: Preference Andmentioning

confidence: 78%

Spindex (Speech Index) Improves Auditory Menu Acceptance and Navigation Performance

Jeon

Walker

2011

ACM Trans. Access. Comput.

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“…For example, Walker et al [30] showed that spearcons resulted in faster and more accurate performance than other auditory cues for a search task. Spearcons also improved navigation efficiency over auditory menus using only TTS or no sound when combined with visual cues [33][34][35]. Other studies [36,37] have demonstrated that spearcons are as learnable as speech, but auditory icons and earcons were more difficult to learn.…”

Section: Spearcon: Compressed Speech Soundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced auditory menu cues improve dual task performance and are preferred with in-vehicle technologies

Jeon

Davison

Nees

et al. 2009

Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications

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Auditory display research for driving has mainly focused on collision warning signals, and recent studies on auditory invehicle information presentation have examined only a limited range of tasks (e.g., cell phone operation tasks or verbal tasks such as reading digit strings). The present study used a dual task paradigm to evaluate a plausible scenario in which users navigated a song list. We applied enhanced auditory menu navigation cues, including spearcons (i.e., compressed speech) and a spindex (i.e., a speech index that used brief audio cues to communicate the user's position in a long menu list). Twentyfour undergraduates navigated through an alphabetized song list of 150 song titles-rendered as an auditory menu-while they concurrently played a simple, perceptual-motor, ball-catching game. The menu was presented with text-to-speech (TTS) alone, TTS plus one of three types of enhanced auditory cues, or no sound at all. Both performance of the primary task (success rate of the game) and the secondary task (menu search time) were better with the auditory menus than with no sound. Subjective workload scores (NASA TLX) and user preferences favored the enhanced auditory cue types. Results are discussed in terms of multiple resources theory and practical IVT design applications.

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“…Si les spearcons de Palladino sont d'un type différent des nôtres (compression logarithmique chez Palladino vs. linéaire), ceux de Dingler sont similaires, la qualité des spearcons que nous avons utilisés ne semble donc pas en cause. Quant aux travaux sur l'acceptabilité des spearcons, la seule étude portant sur ce sujet, celle de Walker [13] n'apporte pas d'élément clair. Enfin, la grande majorité (83%) des sujets n'envisagent pas de se passer du visuel.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Evaluation de la sonifcation d'un système multimédia automobile

Langlois

Loiseau

Tardieu

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the 22nd Conference on l'Interaction Homme-Machine

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RESUMEEquiper un système multimédia embarqué sur véhicule de guidage sonore doit permettre au conducteur de manipuler son système « sans les yeux », en restant concentré sur la route. Le guidage est en effet censé faciliter la découverte du système et la navigation dans l'architecture du menu. Une maquette a été réalisée puis évaluée auprès d'utilisateurs afin d'éprouver l'efficacité et l'acceptabilité du guidage sonore mis en place (sons hiérarchiques, synthèse vocale à vitesse normale ou accélérée sous forme de spearcons, extraits musicaux, sons de confirmation d'action). Les résultats obtenus confirment l'intérêt du guidage sonore. Bien que la sonification du système ne permette pas de naviguer et d'accéder plus rapidement aux données, les participants souhaitent la conserver car ils estiment leur conduite plus sûre. Le guidage sonore leur donne d'ailleurs l'impression de devoir moins souvent dé-tourner le regard de la route. Les sonifications les plus utiles sont : la synthèse vocale et les sons hiérarchiques dans les premiers niveaux du menu, ainsi que les lettres dans les listes longues des sous menus. Les sons hybrides entre earcons et icones auditives sont préférés aux sons orchestrés (musèmes) car le lien à la fonction représentée est plus intuitif. Les spearcons sont rejetés : incompréhensibles, ils ne permettent pas à l'utilisateur de se repérer dans les listes de données. A toutes les étapes de la recherche, les sons de défilement et de butée/liste vide sont appréciés.ABSTRACT An automotive multimedia system that would be sonified should offer to the driver the possibility to interact with this system without his eyes, having thus a better visual focus on the road. The sonification should indeed facilitate the discovery of the system and the navigation within the menu tree. We have prepared a prototype to test with users the efficiency and acceptability of the sonification, made by hierarchical sounds, vocal synthesis, spearcons (compressed vocal synthesis), musical samples and feeback sounds. Our results confirm that sonification is interesting. Even if it doesn't allow to navigate and to reach the data faster, the participants want to keep it as they find their driving safer. Vocal synthesis and hierarchical sounds used on the first menu levels are the most helpful sounds with the alphabetical letters used in the long list of data. Hybrid sounds, composed of earcons and auditory icons, are prefered to orchestra sounds (musems) because the link to the fonction is more intuitive. Spearcons are not appreciated because they are not understood and do not help the positioning in the lists of data. Feedback sounds are appreciated all along the navigation, in particular the sound of scrolling and the sound « end of the list / empty list ».

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Spearcon Performance and Preference for Auditory Menus on a Mobile Phone

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Spindex (Speech Index) Improves Auditory Menu Acceptance and Navigation Performance

Spindex (Speech Index) Improves Auditory Menu Acceptance and Navigation Performance

Enhanced auditory menu cues improve dual task performance and are preferred with in-vehicle technologies

Evaluation de la sonifcation d'un système multimédia automobile

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