SPE and LC-MS/MS determination of 14 illicit drugs in surface waters from the Natural Park of L’Albufera (València, Spain)

Vázquez-Roig, Pablo; Andreu, V.; Blasco, Cristina; Picó, Yolanda

doi:10.1007/s00216-010-3720-x

Cited by 81 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In 2005 they identified the presence of cocaine in the Po river at the concentration of 1.2 ng/dm 3 and raw and treated wastewater at the concentration of 120 ng/dm 3 and 42 ng/dm 3 , respectively [85,86]. Other studies confirmed the presence of narcotics in Italy, United States of America, Spain, Ireland and Belgium [87][88][89]. Some compounds like codeine, cocaine or morphine are both medical and intoxicating drugs.…”

Section: Presence Of Narcotics In Surface Ground and Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Szymonik

Lach

Malińska

2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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Rapid development of pharmaceutical industry, and thus widespread availability of different types of therapeutical and increased intake of pharmaceuticals, results in elevated concentrations of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater subjected to treatment in wastewater treatment plants. Pharmaceuticals present in raw wastewater discharged from hospitals, households, veterinary and health care clinics eventually end up in wastewater treatment plants. Commonly applied methods for treating wastewater do not allow complete removal of these contaminants. As a consequence, pharmaceuticals still present in treated wastewater are introduced to water environment. The most frequently identified pharmaceuticals in surface water belong to the following groups: non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs, beta-blockers, estrogens and lipid regulators. The most difficult is removal of diclofenac, clofibric acid and carbamazepine as these substances show low biodegradability. Diclofenac can be removed in the process of wastewater treatment by 40%, carbamazepine by 10%, and clofibric acid from 26 to 50%. The presence of diclofenac sodium in the rivers in Poland was confirmed and the concentrations were following: 380 ng/dm 3 (the Warta river), 470 ng/dm 3 (the Odra river), 140 ng/dm 3 (the Vistula river). Naproxene was found in the Warta river at the concentration of 100 ng/dm 3 . The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water can be toxic to aqueous microorganisms and fish. Recent studies confirmed also the presence of pharmaceuticals in drinking water. This is considered as a problem especially in urban agglomerations such as Berlin or large cities in Spain and China. The studies showed that pharmaceuticals were also identified in the samples taken from the Polish rivers and drinking water. The presence of naproxene and diclofenac at the concentrations of 13 and 4 ng/dm 3 was identified in drinking water sampled from water intakes in Poznan. Surface water and drinking water showed also the presence of illegal drugs.

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Section: Presence Of Narcotics In Surface Ground and Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…methamphetamine and ephedrine, belong to the group of psychostimulants that enhance dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmittance and to a lesser extent serotonergic transmittance. They are used in treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children [8,87,89].…”

Section: Presence Of Narcotics In Surface Ground and Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Szymonik

Lach

Malińska

2017

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S

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“…Oasis HLB) in off-line or on-line mode (Table S1). More details on analytical methodology can be found elsewhere (Castiglioni et al, 2006;Kasprzyk-Hordern et al, 2008;Postigo et al, 2008;Bijlsma et al, 2009;Hogenboom et al, 2009;van Nuijs et al, 2009;Terzic et al, 2010;Vazquez-Roig et al, 2010;Reid et al, 2011a;González-Mariño et al, 2012). The analytical technique of choice for the quantitative analysis of the target drug residues was liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).…”

Section: Analytical Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis

Thomas

Bijlsma

Castiglioni

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

448

278

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Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis Thomas, K.V.; Bijlsma, L.; Castiglioni, S.; Covaci, A.; Emke, E.; Grabic, R.; Hernández, F.; Karolak, S.; Kasprzyk-Hordern, B.; Lindberg, R.H.; Meierjohann, A.; Ort, C.; Pico, Y.; Quintana, J.; Reid, M.; Rieckermann, J.; Terzic, S.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; de Voogt, W.P. Published in:Science of the Total Environment DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.069 Link to publicationCitation for published version (APA): Thomas, K. V., Bijlsma, L., Castiglioni, S., Covaci, A., Emke, E., Grabic, R., ... de Voogt, P. (2012) General rightsIt is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. The analysis of sewage for urinary biomarkers of illicit drugs is a promising and complementary approach for estimating the use of these substances in the general population. For the first time, this approach was simultaneously applied in 19 European cities, making it possible to directly compare illicit drug loads in Europe over a 1-week period. An inter-laboratory comparison study was performed to evaluate the analytical performance of the participating laboratories. Raw 24-hour composite sewage samples were collected from 19 European cities during a single week in March 2011 and analyzed for the urinary biomarkers of cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy, methamphetamine and cannabis using in-house optimized and validated analytical methods. The load of each substance used in each city was back-calculated from the measured concentrations. The data show distinct temporal and spatial patterns in drug use across Europe. Cocaine use was higher in Western and Central Europe and lower in Northern and Eastern Europe. The extrapolated total daily use of cocaine in Europe during the study period was equivalent to 356 kg/day. High per capita ecstasy loads were observed in Dutch cities, as well as in Antwerp and London. In general, cocaine and ecstasy loads were significantly elevated during the weekend compared to weekdays. Per-capita loads of methamphetamine were highest in Helsinki and Turku, Oslo and Budweis, while the per capita loads of cannabis were similar throughout Europe. This study shows that a standardized analysis for illicit drug urinary biomarkers in sewage can be applied to estimate and compare the use of these substances at local and intern...

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“…A influência de tipos de fases extratoras e parâmetros de extração tem sido bastante publicada. 32,34,52,53,75,76 González-Mariño e colaboradores 91 investigaram de forma pioneira o uso de polímero molecularmente impresso (MIP, molecularly imprinted polymer) para extração em fase sólida de AMP e obtiveram resultados satisfatórios.…”

Section: Preparo De Amostrasunclassified

Drogas de abuso em águas naturais e residuárias urbanas: ocorrência, determinação e aplicações forenses

Feitosa¹,

Sodré²,

Maldaner³

2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 4/6/12; aceito em 29/8/12; publicado na web em 6/2/13 DRUGS OF ABUSE IN WATERS AND WASTEWATERS: OCCURRENCE, ANALYTICAL DETERMINATION AND FORENSIC APPLICATIONS. Drugs of abuse are commonly used outside medical or legal settings where their production, marketing and consumption are subject to legal summons and/or intervention. Classified as emerging contaminants, these substances have been recently detected in samples of environmental concern, such as waters and wastewaters. This review presents the state-of-the-art on the methodological approaches used in sample preparation, the main techniques applied in analytical determination at trace levels, as well as the use of information related to the drug or its metabolite concentration in sewage samples to empirically estimate the consumption of drugs of abuse in a city or region.Keywords: emerging contaminants; drugs of abuse; sewage epidemiology. INTRODUÇÃOHá pelo menos duas décadas, a presença de diversas substâncias orgânicas naturais e sintéticas no ambiente, dentre as quais fármacos, produtos de higiene pessoal e hormônios sexuais, têm chamado a atenção da comunidade científica e regulatória devido aos potenciais riscos que podem trazer ao ambiente e à saúde humana e/ou animal. 1 Conhecidas como contaminantes emergentes, tais substâncias não estão contempladas, de maneira explícita, em nenhuma legislação ambiental. 2 Contaminantes emergentes podem ser encontrados em diferentes compartimentos ambientais e, na grande maioria das vezes, sob níveis de concentração traço, ou seja, menores que uma parte por bilhão. Contudo, mesmo nestas concentrações, inúmeras evidências mostram que substâncias classificadas como emergentes podem efetivamente impactar ecossistemas, causando efeitos que vão desde a bioconcentração até a interferência no sistema endócrino de organismos vivos. 3 Nos últimos anos, pesquisas colocaram em evidência um novo grupo de contaminantes emergentes constituído por drogas de abuso e substâncias psicotrópicas, cuja produção, comercialização e consumo são proibidos ou, em alguns países, objeto de controle. 4-8 Parte dessas substâncias, inalteradas ou sob a forma de metabólitos, é excretada através da urina e das fezes alcançando, invariavelmente, diferentes compartimentos ambientais.Apesar das drogas de abuso apresentarem, comprovadamente, efeitos psicotrópicos e, muitas vezes, tóxicos frente aos seres humanos, ainda não existem estudos ecotoxicológicos a respeito dessas substâncias. 6-8 Entretanto, suspeita-se que possam provocar efeitos deletérios sobre ecossistemas contaminados, tal qual tem sido observado em estudos ecotoxicológicos envolvendo drogas lícitas, como produtos farmacêuticos e/ou mistura de fármacos. 9 Outro motivo de preocupação reside no fato destas substâncias terem se tornado contaminantes pseudopersistentes, definição esta que surge em função de sua grande produção e consumo perene. 8 Segundo o World Drug Report, 10 publicado pelo Escritório das Nações Unidas sobre Drogas e Crime, a quantidade de usuários de drogas de a...

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SPE and LC-MS/MS determination of 14 illicit drugs in surface waters from the Natural Park of L’Albufera (València, Spain)

Cited by 81 publications

References 35 publications

Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Fate and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Illegal Drugs Present in Drinking Water and Wastewater

Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis

Drogas de abuso em águas naturais e residuárias urbanas: ocorrência, determinação e aplicações forenses

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