Drogas de abuso em águas naturais e residuárias urbanas: ocorrência, determinação e aplicações forenses

Feitosa, Rafael Silva; Sodré, Fernando Fabriz; Maldaner, Adriano O.

doi:10.1590/s0100-40422013000200016

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As discussed by our group in a previous work, 12 it is relevant to the law enforcement point of view, the investigation of different cocaine forms of presentation (hydrochloride or crack/free base cocaine), since they have distinct patterns of international trafficking, rates of purification by oxidation (refining) and adulteration. Broséus et al 34 suggested that the cocaine adulteration with pharmaceutical products tends to be done very close to the production of cocaine or in high levels in the distribution chain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, our country has experienced an increase of smoked cocaine consumption 11 leading our research group to conduct WBDE studies. 6,12 Our group also has access to data from the Brazilian Federal Police chemical profiling program based on the quantification of coca alkaloids and pharmaceuticals used as adulterants such as caffeine, lidocaine, levamisole and phenacetin, in seized cocaine samples. 13,14 Due to the near real-time characteristics of the WBDE approach, consumption estimates can be assessed in order to identify drug use variations according to different seasons, [15][16][17] days of a week, 16 and even recreational events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Sodré¹,

Souza²,

Feitosa³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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A multiresidue method was developed to estimate community drug use during two weekends of the 2014 Soccer World Cup via wastewater analyses. Five of the 16 investigated substances were detected in all eight samples. Benzoilecgonine (BE), the major cocaine metabolite, was the most abundant substance (1.9 ± 0.3 to 4.2 ± 0.2 μg L ). COC and BE levels suggested a human consumption origin for the investigated drugs. AE/BE ratios revealed a significant use of smoked crack/free base cocaine. Relationships between the adulterants PHE and LEV evidenced a higher use of crack cocaine in the South-Wing WWTP region. An estimative for cocaine use revealed slightly higher drug consumption during the Soccer World Cup weekends in comparison with a typical weekend in 2012.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Sodré¹,

Souza²,

Feitosa³

et al. 2017

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…Uma grande preocupação são as possíveis interferências que, por exemplo, os hormônios, alquilfenóis e ftalatos podem promover nos sistemas endócrinos dos animais marinhos. 87 O crescimento do assunto na literatura cientifica internacional levou a tomadas de posição por parte de agencias governamentais, 88 já que o assunto não pode mais ser ignorado.…”

Section: Figura 4 Fontes E Destinos De Substâncias Amplamente Consumunclassified

Oceanografia e Química: unindo conhecimentos em prol dos oceanos e da sociedade

Hatje¹,

Costa²,

Cunha³

2013

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 17/7/13; aceito em 2/9/13; publicado na web em 18/9/13 OCEANOGRAPHY AND CHEMISTRY: BRIDGING KNOWLEDGE IN FAVOR OF THE OCEANS AND SOCIETY. The marine environment is certainly one of the most complex systems to study, not only because of the challenges posed by the nature of the waters, but especially due to the interactions of physical, chemical and biological processes that control the cycles of the elements. Together with analytical chemists, oceanographers have been making a great effort in the advancement of knowledge of the distribution patterns of trace elements and processes that determine their biogeochemical cycles and influences on the climate of the planet. The international academic community is now in prime position to perform the first study on a global scale for observation of trace elements and their isotopes in the marine environment (GEOTRACES) and to evaluate the effects of major global changes associated with the influences of megacities distributed around the globe. This action can only be performed due to the development of highly sensitive detection methods and the use of clean sampling and handling techniques, together with a joint international program working toward the clear objective of expanding the frontiers of the biogeochemistry of the oceans and related topics, including climate change issues and ocean acidification associated with alterations in the carbon cycle. It is expected that the oceanographic data produced this coming decade will allow a better understanding of biogeochemical cycles, and especially the assessment of changes in trace elements and contaminants in the oceans due to anthropogenic influences, as well as its effects on ecosystems and climate. Computational models are to be constructed to simulate the conditions and processes of the modern oceans and to allow predictions. The environmental changes arising from human activity since the 18 th century (also called the Anthropocene) have made the Earth System even more complex. Anthropogenic activities have altered both terrestrial and marine ecosystems, and the legacy of these impacts in the oceans include: a) pollution of the marine environment by solid waste, including plastics; b) pollution by chemical and medical (including those for veterinary use) substances such as hormones, antibiotics, legal and illegal drugs, leading to possible endocrine disruption of marine organisms; and c) ocean acidification, the collateral effect of anthropogenic emissions of CO 2 into the atmosphere, irreversible in the human life time scale. Unfortunately, the anthropogenic alteration of the hydrosphere due to inputs of plastics, metal, hydrocarbons, contaminants of emerging concern and even with formerly "exotic" trace elements, such us rare earth elements is likely to accelerate in the near future. These emerging contaminants would likely soon present difficulties for studies in pristine environments. All this knowledge brings with it a great responsibility: helping to envisage viable adaptation and mitigation soluti...

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“…1,2 Isso porque os efeitos à saúde humana provocada pela ingestão de água contendo fármacos, ainda que não estejam completamente elucidados, podem incluir desenvolvimento de resistência em bactérias patogênicas, genotoxicidade e distúrbios endócrinos. 3 A presença de fármacos em águas superficiais é um risco real uma vez que o processo de clarificação -coagulação, floculação, sedimentação e filtração -utilizada na maioria das estações de tratamento de água (ETA) não é eficaz na sua remoção de águas contaminadas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

IMMOBILIZED TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TIO₂) IN DIFFERENT SUPPORT MATERIALS TO USE IN HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS

Borges¹,

Xavier²,

Silva³

et al. 2016

Química Nova

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is the retention and reuse of the catalyst, which brings opportunities for studying techniques for its immobilization on solid supports. The main objective of this paper was to test different methods to effectively immobilize TiO 2 on granular activated carbon (GAC), crushed ceramic material (CCM) and zeolite (ZEO) in order to use the catalyst for sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal from aqueous solutions. For this, three TiO 2 immobilization methods (1-immersion of the support in TiO 2 slurry; 2-covering by sol-gel synthesis using titanium isopropoxide; 3-impregnating the support with white wall paint doped with TiO 2 ) were tested and the resulting catalyst were characterized and evaluated for SMX removal. The results showed that GAC was the best support and that its immersion in a 50% (w/v) TiO 2 suspension was the best immobilization method. Photodegradation assays with such catalyst carried out with 10 mg.L -1 of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) led to 90% of removal of this pharmaceutical after 3.5 hours, which was ~38% higher than the UV photolysis at the same contact time.Keywords: pharmaceuticals, catalyst immobilization, titanium dioxide, heterogeneous photocatalysis, granular activated carbon. INTRODUÇÃONas últimas décadas houve um aumento significativo, em todo o mundo, no consumo de medicamentos de diversas classes como antipiréticos, analgésicos, reguladores lipídicos, antibióticos, drogas contraceptivas e outras e, consequentemente, a preocupação da comunidade científica com a presença de fármacos no meio ambiente tem se tornado cada vez maior.1,2 Isso porque os efeitos à saúde humana provocada pela ingestão de água contendo fármacos, ainda que não estejam completamente elucidados, podem incluir desenvolvimento de resistência em bactérias patogênicas, genotoxicidade e distúrbios endócrinos. 3A presença de fármacos em águas superficiais é um risco real uma vez que o processo de clarificação -coagulação, floculação, sedimentação e filtração -utilizada na maioria das estações de tratamento de água (ETA) não é eficaz na sua remoção de águas contaminadas.4 Além disso, sabe-se que o uso de cloro na etapa de desinfecção pode levar à formação de compostos organoclorados, cuja toxicidade pode ser maior do que os seus precursores.5 Assim novas alternativas para tratamento destes compostos precisam ser investigadas.Uma opção para complementar o sistema convencional de tratamento de água seria a utilização de processos oxidativos avançados (POA), que envolvem a geração e consumo de uma espécie altamente oxidante e não seletiva como os radicais hidroxila (*OH). Tais radicais tem a capacidade de oxidar substâncias dissolvidas ou dispersas, reduzindo assim a concentração de diversos contaminantes em fase aquosa. Uma maneira de gerar radicais hidroxila é por meios fotoquímicos com radiação ultravioleta (UV) em combinação com um semicondutor sendo o mais utilizado dióxido de titânio (TiO 2 ), no processo conhecido como fotocatálise heterogênea.A maioria dos estudos utilizando TiO 2 como fotocalisador são realizado...

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Drogas de abuso em águas naturais e residuárias urbanas: ocorrência, determinação e aplicações forenses

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Oceanografia e Química: unindo conhecimentos em prol dos oceanos e da sociedade

IMMOBILIZED TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TIO₂) IN DIFFERENT SUPPORT MATERIALS TO USE IN HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS

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Drogas de abuso em águas naturais e residuárias urbanas: ocorrência, determinação e aplicações forenses

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Illicit Drugs, Metabolites and Adulterants in Wastewater: Monitoring Community Drug Abuse in the Brazilian Federal District during the 2014 Soccer World Cup

Oceanografia e Química: unindo conhecimentos em prol dos oceanos e da sociedade

IMMOBILIZED TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TIO2) IN DIFFERENT SUPPORT MATERIALS TO USE IN HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

IMMOBILIZED TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TIO₂) IN DIFFERENT SUPPORT MATERIALS TO USE IN HETEROGENEOUS PHOTOCATALYSIS