Spatiotemporally Controlled Formation of Two‐Component Counterpropagating Lateral Graft Density Gradients of Mixed Polymer Brushes on Planar Au Surfaces

Wang, Xuejun; Bohn, Paul W.

doi:10.1002/adma.200601516

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Bohn et al have also described an electrochemical gradient technique to form a multi-component surface whereby functionalized thiols adsorb at certain locations along a potential gradient on gold and then the remaining uncoated areas are backfilled with a second thiol. This approach can be followed by immobilizing a specific reagent such as an antibody to the surface via reaction with a terminal functional group on the gradient surface, thus extending applications [8][9][10][11][12]. A variation of this method has also recently been described that involves the electrochemical desorption/readsorption of surface modifiers while withdrawing the substrate from solution [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Amine-phenyl multi-component gradient stationary phases

Dewoolkar

Kannan

Ashraf

et al. 2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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Continuous multi-component gradients in amine and phenyl groups were fabricated using controlled rate infusion (CRI). Solutions prepared from either 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTEOS) or phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTMOS) were infused, in a sequential fashion, at a controlled rate into an empty graduated cylinder housing a vertically aligned thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate. The hydrolyzed precursors reacted with an abundance of silanol (SiOH) groups on the TLC plates, covalently attaching the functionalized silane to its surface. The extent of modification by phenyl and amine was determined by the kinetics of each reaction and the exposure time at each point along the TLC plate. The local concentrations of phenyl and amine were measured using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The profile of the multi-component gradients strongly depended on the order of infusion, the direction of the gradient and the presence of available surface silanol groups. A slightly higher amount of phenyl can be deposited on the TLC plate by first modifying its surface with amine groups as they serve as a catalyst, enhancing condensation. Separation of water- and fat-soluble vitamins and the control of retention factors were demonstrated on the multi-component gradient TLC plates. Uniformly modified and single-component TLC plates gave different separations compared to the multi-component gradient plates. The retention factors of the individual vitamins depended on the order of surface modification, the spotting end, and whether the multi-component gradients align or oppose each other.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Amine-phenyl multi-component gradient stationary phases

Dewoolkar

Kannan

Ashraf

et al. 2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…The potential to form two-dimensional gradients [155][156][157] and micron-scale patterns [158][159][160][161] of initiator-substituted adsorbates, together with control of the composition of the film by block copolymerization using a variety of polymerization methods [162][163][164] and monomers, affords a high level of control over the structure and functionality of polymer brushes, which allows for tailoring of the brushes for a wide variety of applications.…”

Section: Fa8 Raynor Et Al: Controlling Cell Adhesion To Biomaterialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer brushes and self-assembled monolayers: Versatile platforms to control cell adhesion to biomaterials (Review)

et al. 2009

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This review focuses on the surface modification of substrates with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and polymer brushes to tailor interactions with biological systems and to thereby enhance their performance in bioapplications. Surface modification of biomedical implants promotes improved biocompatibility and enhanced implant integration with the host. While SAMs of alkanethiols on gold substrates successfully prevent nonspecific protein adsorption in vitro and can further be modified to tether ligands to control in vitro cell adhesion, extracellular matrix assembly, and cellular differentiation, this model system suffers from lack of stability in vivo. To overcome this limitation, highly tuned polymer brushes have been used as more robust coatings on a greater variety of biologically relevant substrates, including titanium, the current orthopedic clinical standard. In order to improve implant-bone integration, the authors modified titanium implants with a robust SAM on which surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization was performed, yielding oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate brushes. These brushes afforded the ability to tether bioactive ligands, which effectively promoted bone cell differentiation in vitro and supported significantly better in vivo functional implant integration.

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“…However, normal ATRP is especially sensitive to oxygen, special handling procedures are required, and the preformed catalysts must be stored under an inert atmosphere (Tian et al, 2007;Wang and Bohn, 2007;Wang et al, 2006;Bontempo et al, 2002). In order to overcome the drawbacks of normal ATRP, an improved ATRP method, activators generated electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization has been developed recently (Kamigaito et al, 2001;Jakubowski and Matyjaszewski, 2005;Min et al, 2006;Matyjaszewski and Xia, 2001;Dong and Matyjaszewski, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activators generated electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization for immunosensing

Liu

2010

Biosensors and Bioelectronics

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Spatiotemporally Controlled Formation of Two‐Component Counterpropagating Lateral Graft Density Gradients of Mixed Polymer Brushes on Planar Au Surfaces

Cited by 32 publications

References 51 publications

Amine-phenyl multi-component gradient stationary phases

Amine-phenyl multi-component gradient stationary phases

Polymer brushes and self-assembled monolayers: Versatile platforms to control cell adhesion to biomaterials (Review)

Activators generated electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization for immunosensing

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