Spatiotemporally controlled calcitonin delivery: Long-term and targeted therapy of skeletal diseases

Food Science & Nutrition

et al. 2023

Osteoporosis is a systemic osteopathy characterized by bone metabolism disorders that become more serious with age increases in postmenopausal women. Recent studies have found that antler protein is the main bioactive component of cervus pantotrichum, and it has a positive regulatory effect on bone metabolism and can improve estrogen level. This study aimed to investigate the effect of velvet antler extract (VAE) on the prevention of osteoporosis and the modulation of gut microbiota in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. OVX mice treated with 12 weeks of VAE exhibited higher levels of serum BGP, Ca2+, CT, and HyP (p < .05). Micro‐CT scans showed that VAE significantly elevated bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular bone number (Tb.N), trabecular bone thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular bone connection density (Conn.D), decreased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), and structural modality index (SMI) than untreated OVX mice. The right tibial retinaculum in the VAE group was clearer, with a clearer reticular structure, smaller gaps, a tighter distribution, and a more orderly arrangement. The gut microbiota of the cecal contents was analyzed by 16 s rDNA amplicon sequencing. The data indicated that VAE modulated the species, numbers, and diversity of the gut microbiota in OVX mice. Ovariectomy caused dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota by increasing the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in mice, but the ratio decreased after treatment with VAE. These results suggest that VAE has a therapeutic effect on OVX mice via modulate bone‐related biochemical markers in serum and structure of gut microbiota.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sika deer velvet antler protein extract modulater bone metabolism and the structure of gut microbiota in ovariectomized mice

Food Science & Nutrition

et al. 2023

“…In the treatment of diseases mainly caused by osteoporosis, such as hypercalcemia, the use of hydrogels may present an advantage for the regulation of calcium formation [ 155 ]. Li et al developed an injectable tetra-PEG-based hydrogel loaded with the drug alendronate (ALN), which allowed for the long-term controlled release of anti-osteoporotic molecules.…”

Section: Treatment Of Osteoporosis and Novel Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis

Aibar-Almazán

Voltes-Martínez

Castellote-Caballero

et al. 2022

IJMS

130

Osteoporosis has been defined as the silent disease of the 21st century, becoming a public health risk due to its severity, chronicity and progression and affecting mainly postmenopausal women and older adults. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone production. It is diagnosed through different methods such as bone densitometry and dual X-rays. The treatment of this pathology focuses on different aspects. On the one hand, pharmacological treatments are characterized by the use of anti-resorptive drugs, as well as emerging regenerative medicine treatments such as cell therapies and the use of bioactive hydrogels. On the other hand, non-pharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle habits that should be incorporated, such as physical activity, diet and the cessation of harmful habits such as a high consumption of alcohol or smoking. This review seeks to provide an overview of the theoretical basis in relation to bone biology, the existing methods for diagnosis and the treatments of osteoporosis, including the development of new strategies.

“…Traditional calcitonin formulations may cause a sudden drop in blood calcium due to the burst release and require frequent administration because of the short half-life and wide distribution of receptors around the whole body. 228 Li's team continues to report a thermosensitive hydrogel with oxidized calcium alginate and hydroxypropyl chitin added as a versatile platform for sustained release of calcitonin. 229 In this system, calcitonin can be stably released for more than 1 month after a single subcutaneous injection and shows sustained effects in bone trabecula reconstruction in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis rats.…”

Section: Calcitoninmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commercialized preparations of calcitonin include recombinant salmon calcitonin and elcatonin, administered intranasally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. Traditional calcitonin formulations may cause a sudden drop in blood calcium due to the burst release and require frequent administration because of the short half‐life and wide distribution of receptors around the whole body 228 . Li's team continues to report a thermosensitive hydrogel with oxidized calcium alginate and hydroxypropyl chitin added as a versatile platform for sustained release of calcitonin 229 .…”

Section: Anti‐osteoporosis Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic advances in osteoporosis and anti‐osteoporosis therapies

Luo

et al. 2023

MedComm

Osteoporosis is a type of bone loss disease characterized by a reduction in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. With the intensification of global aging, this disease is now regarded as one of the major public health problems that often leads to unbearable pain, risk of bone fractures, and even death, causing an enormous burden at both the human and socioeconomic layers. Classic anti‐osteoporosis pharmacological options include anti‐resorptive and anabolic agents, whose ability to improve bone mineral density and resist bone fracture is being gradually confirmed. However, long‐term or high‐frequency use of these drugs may bring some side effects and adverse reactions. Therefore, an increasing number of studies are devoted to finding new pathogenesis or potential therapeutic targets of osteoporosis, and it is of great importance to comprehensively recognize osteoporosis and develop viable and efficient therapeutic approaches. In this study, we systematically reviewed literatures and clinical evidences to both mechanistically and clinically demonstrate the state‐of‐art advances in osteoporosis. This work will endow readers with the mechanistical advances and clinical knowledge of osteoporosis and furthermore present the most updated anti‐osteoporosis therapies.