Spatiotemporal Measurement of Osmotic Pressures by FRET Imaging

Abstract

Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of the document.

Submicron-sized in-situ osmotic pressure sensors for in-vitro applications in biology

“…On the basis of the ex-situ measurements, the in-situ sensing of osmotic pressures in a cell culture system with the sensors was further explored. As in our previous study, [11] confocal laser scanning microscopy 6a, Figure S11a and Figure S12a), sensitized acceptor emission (Figure 6b,f, Figure S11b and Figure S12b), and direct acceptor emission signals (Figure S11c and Figure S12c, excitation wavelength 561 nm) visualize the presence of the donor, the FRET effect, and the acceptor in the sensors, respectively. The lower fluorescence intensities of the donor signal (Figure S11a and Figure S12a) and higher intensities of the sensitized acceptor emission signal (Figure S11b and Figure S12b) in the MEM α-10% ASF qualitatively confirm the stronger FRET effect associated with the higher osmotic pressure, compared with that in 0.05% NaCl (Figure 6a,b).…”

“…Those sensors had a size of ≈ 1µm and a sensing range of 0-0.3 MPa. [11] The present work aims to extend the applicability of this sensor concept to biological tissues, through adjustment of the sensing range and biocompatible functionalization. To this end, novel kinds of FRETbased liposomal sensors for the measurement of osmotic pressures are developed, which are loaded with two highly water-soluble FRET dyes, for the in-situ sensing of osmotic pressures in cell culturing media (Figure 1).…”

Lifetime‐Based Responsive Probes: Design and Applications in Biological Analysis

“…Osmotic pressure can alter cell alignment or membrane shape changes (including bending, shearing, and stretching, etc . ), which play a significant role in cell migration, cell spreading, and phagocytosis [55] . Therefore, there is a need for real‐time and efficient monitoring of osmotic pressure in living organisms.…”

“…), which play a significant role in cell migration, cell spreading, and phagocytosis. [55] Therefore, there is a need for real-time and efficient monitoring of osmotic pressure in living organisms.…”

Monitoring osmotic pressure with a hydrogel integrated optofluidic microlaser

“…Conventional methods for detecting osmotic pressure, such as the use of an osmometer for freezing point depression or vapour pressure measurement, 5 however, provide less spatiotemporal information. To curb this problem, methods harnessing optical principles such as fluorescence 6 and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) 7 have been developed to investigate osmotic pressure in biological systems. Different materials have also been proposed to detect osmotic changes in living systems, for instance, hydrogels are capable of swelling in water due to their unique porous features 8 and the ability to absorb water via hydrophilic functional groups.…”