2019
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7934-x
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Spatiotemporal dynamics of urbanization and cropland in the Nile Delta of Egypt using machine learning and satellite big data: implications for sustainable development

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Cited by 18 publications
(10 citation statements)
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“…To further improve the accuracy of land‐use classification, all images are preprocessed one by one in ENVI Software, including radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, image registration, and cropping. And then, the classification is implemented in ERDAS Software, and the producer's accuracy (PA, %), which represents how well reference pixels of the ground cover type are classified, and the user's accuracy (UA, %), which represents the probability of a classified pixel into a given category that represents that category on the ground (Patel & Kaushal, 2010; Rasool et al, 2021), are obtained through confusion matrix calculation (which provides a summary in a cross‐tabulation format between the classified classes and the ground‐truthing data) (Badreldin et al, 2019, 2021). Finally, overall accuracy (OA, which is the total accurate prediction among all classified classes) and kappa value are obtained.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To further improve the accuracy of land‐use classification, all images are preprocessed one by one in ENVI Software, including radiometric calibration, atmospheric correction, image registration, and cropping. And then, the classification is implemented in ERDAS Software, and the producer's accuracy (PA, %), which represents how well reference pixels of the ground cover type are classified, and the user's accuracy (UA, %), which represents the probability of a classified pixel into a given category that represents that category on the ground (Patel & Kaushal, 2010; Rasool et al, 2021), are obtained through confusion matrix calculation (which provides a summary in a cross‐tabulation format between the classified classes and the ground‐truthing data) (Badreldin et al, 2019, 2021). Finally, overall accuracy (OA, which is the total accurate prediction among all classified classes) and kappa value are obtained.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…De'Ath and Fabricius (2000) concluded that a decision-based tree classification is a powerful tool for ecological research because of the following reasons: (1) flexibility to import a diverse data type; (2) ability to test the importance of many variables; (3) capability to assess modeling progress and strength; and (4) feasibility to generate reliable outputs in environmental research. The RF classifier is based on the generated decision trees from the aggregated bootstrapped training samples from ground-truthing [18,44], which was computed based on [45] steps, as follow:…”
Section: Random Forest (Rf) Classificationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The first assessment is the confusion matrix, which provides a summary in a cross-tabulation format between the classified classes and the ground-truthing data (Foody, 2002(Foody, , 2010. This assessment included information on the overall accuracy (the total accurate prediction among all classified classes), the user's accuracy (%), which represents the probability of a classified pixel into a given category that actually represents that category on the ground, and the producer's accuracy (%) which represents how well reference pixels of the ground cover type are classified [18]. According to [47], Kappa indices failed to reflect and offer useful information on the classification accuracy because of the following two reasons: (1) it compares the accuracy to the baseline of randomness; and (2) it cannot deliver useful and fundamental information on the classification accuracy.…”
Section: Accuracy Assessmentmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Nearly 90% of global urban expansion is predicted to take place in developing countries, especially in Asia and Africa, where the largest numbers of the world's poor and undernourished people are concentrated [2]. Therefore, urbanization is increasingly recognized as a major driver of land use/land cover changes (LULC) changes that progressively affect the socioeconomic and environmental landscape in developing countries [3]. For instance, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the New Urban Agenda recognize urbanization and demographic changes as key components of resilient and sustainable development [4].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%