Spatiotemporal Circulation of Influenza Viruses in 5 African Countries During 2008–2009: A Collaborative Study of the Institut Pasteur International Network

Heraud, Jean‐Michel; Njouom, Richard; Rousset, Dominique; Kadjo, Hervé A.; Caro, Valérie; Ndiaye, Mignane; Victoir, Kathleen; Collard, Jean-Marc; Orelle, Arnaud; Yekwa, Elsie Laban; Ekaza, Euloge; Razanajatovo, Norosoa Harline; Lagaré, Adamou; Biscornet, Leon; Enouf, Vincent; Werf, Sylvie van der; Diop, Ousmane M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jis541

Cited by 24 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Among the cases in which HPIV and HCoV were detected, HPIV type 3 and HCoV type OC43 were the predominant types, and this is consistent with previous studies . In this study, INFs were detected in 8.5% of the cases, which is in agreement with findings from the national influenza surveillance and other related studies in Africa among patients hospitalized with SARI . A higher influenza positivity proportion has been reported among outpatients with influenza‐like illness …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital‐based observational study in Niamey, Niger

Lagaré

Ousmane

Dano

et al. 2019

Health Science Reports

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Background and Aims:In Niger, acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the second most common cause of death in children aged younger than 5 years. However, the etiology of ARI is poorly understood in the country. This study aims to describe viral and bacterial infections among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile ARI at two hospitals in Niamey, Niger's capital city, and the reported clinical procedures. Methods:We conducted a prospective study among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile ARI at two national hospitals in Niamey between January and December 2015. Clinical presentation and procedures during admission were documented using a standardized case investigation form. Nasopharyngeal specimens collected from each patient were tested for a panel of respiratory viruses and bacteria using the Fast Track Diagnostic 21 Plus kit.Results: We enrolled and tested 638 children aged younger than 5 years, of whom 411 (64.4%) were aged younger than 1 year, and 15 (2.4%) died during the study period. Overall, 496/638 (77.7%) specimens tested positive for at least one respiratory virus or bacterium; of these, 195 (39.3%) tested positive for respiratory viruses, 126 (25.4%) tested positive for respiratory bacteria, and 175 (35.3%) tested positive for both respiratory viruses and bacteria. The predominant viruses detected were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (149/638; 23.3%), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) types 1 to 4 (78/638; 12.2%), human rhinovirus (HRV) (62/638; 9.4%), human adenovirus (HAV) (60/638; 9.4%), and influenza virus (INF) (52/638; 8.1%). Streptococcus pneumoniae (249/638; 39.0%) was the most frequently detected bacterium, followed by Staphylococcus aureus (112/638; 12.2%) and Haemophilus influenzae type B (16/638; 2.5%). Chest X-rays were performed at the discretion of the attending physician on 301 (47.2%) case patients. Of these patients, 231 (76.7%) had abnormal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital‐based observational study in Niamey, Niger

Lagaré

Ousmane

Dano

et al. 2019

Health Science Reports

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, La Réunion Island has an existing influenza surveillance system, but data were aggregated with those of mainland France before 2009 and publicly unavailable. The situation improved after the 2009 pandemic, and the ensuing boost in virological surveillance has already being extremely useful in describing and understanding the pandemic in this country . Nevertheless, lack of data availability prior to 2009 certainly diminishes the reliability of any time series analysis, including exploring associations with putative climatic drivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza seasonality in Madagascar: the mysterious African free‐runner

Alonso

Guillebaud

Viboud

et al. 2015

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundThe seasonal drivers of influenza activity remain debated in tropical settings where epidemics are not clearly phased. Antananarivo is a particularly interesting case study because it is in Madagascar, an island situated in the tropics and with quantifiable connectivity levels to other countries.ObjectivesWe aimed at disentangling the role of environmental forcing and population fluxes on influenza seasonality in Madagascar.MethodsWe compiled weekly counts of laboratory-confirmed influenza-positive specimens for the period 2002 to 2012 collected in Antananarivo, with data available from sub-Saharan countries and countries contributing most foreign travelers to Madagascar. Daily climate indicators were compiled for the study period.ResultsOverall, influenza activity detected in Antananarivo predated that identified in temperate Northern Hemisphere locations. This activity presented poor temporal matching with viral activity in other countries from the African continent or countries highly connected to Madagascar excepted for A(H1N1)pdm09. Influenza detection in Antananarivo was not associated with travel activity and, although it was positively correlated with all climatic variables studied, such association was weak.ConclusionsThe timing of influenza activity in Antananarivo is irregular, is not driven by climate, and does not align with that of countries in geographic proximity or highly connected to Madagascar. This work opens fresh questions regarding the drivers of influenza seasonality globally particularly in mid-latitude and less-connected regions to tailor vaccine strategies locally.

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“…One additional benefit of the surveillance was to raise clinician awareness about influenza. The implementation of national influenza centers in several West African countries for routine surveillance with the help of the World Health organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a key step for better understanding and control of influenza disease in sub‐Saharan Africa …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sentinel surveillance of influenza in Burkina Faso: identification of circulating strains during 2010–2012

Tarnagda

Yougbaré

Ilboudo

et al. 2014

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundAlthough influenza surveillance has recently been improved in some sub-Saharan African countries, no information is yet available from Burkina Faso.ObjectivesOur study was the first to determine the prevalence of influenza viruses circulating in Burkina Faso through a sentinel surveillance system.MethodsWe conducted sentinel surveillance with oropharyngeal (OP) swabs collected from outpatients (1 month to 83 years) from six sites in Bobo-Dioulasso and Ouagadougou, among patients meeting the WHO/CDC case definition for influenza-like illness (ILI; fever ≥38°C, and cough and/or sore throat in the absence of other diagnosis) from July 2010 to May 2012. Influenza viruses were detected by real-time RT-PCR using CDC primers, probes, and protocols.ResultsThe first three ILI cases were enrolled each day; of 881 outpatients with ILI enrolled and sampled, 58 (6·6%) tested positive for influenza viruses (29 influenza A and 29 influenza B). Among the influenza A viruses, 55·2% (16/29) were influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 and 44·8% (13/29) were seasonal A (H3N2). No cases of seasonal A/H1N1 were detected. Patients within 0–5 years and 6–14 years were the most affected, comprising 41·4% and 22·4% laboratory-confirmed influenza cases, respectively. Influenza infections occurred during both the dry, dusty Harmattan months from November to March and the rainy season from June to October with peaks in January and August.ConclusionsThis surveillance was the first confirming the circulation of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09, A/H3N2, and influenza B viruses in humans in Burkina Faso.

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Spatiotemporal Circulation of Influenza Viruses in 5 African Countries During 2008–2009: A Collaborative Study of the Institut Pasteur International Network

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital‐based observational study in Niamey, Niger

Molecular detection of respiratory pathogens among children aged younger than 5 years hospitalized with febrile acute respiratory infections: A prospective hospital‐based observational study in Niamey, Niger

Influenza seasonality in Madagascar: the mysterious African free‐runner

Sentinel surveillance of influenza in Burkina Faso: identification of circulating strains during 2010–2012

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