Spatio-Temporal Variation of Soil Phosphorus and Its Implications for Future Pomelo Orcharding System Management: A Model Prediction From Southeast China From 1985–2100

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable source, requires in large amount for maintaining better crop growth and development. The excessive P fertilizer contributes to the accumulation of P in the soil and results in increased soil total P and Olsen P. However, the spatio-temporal variation of soil P remains unclear in pomelo orchard systems. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the temporal and spatial variation of soil P in pomelo orchards and future to predict P pool from 1985 to 2100, based on the dynamic P pool simulator (DPPS) model. We found that an average of 282.23 kg P ha−1 yr−1 accumulated in pomelo orchard soil, resulting in increased concentration of Olsen P (i.e., 5–212 mg kg−1) and total P (i.e., 80–1883 mg kg−1) in the topsoil. It showed that Olsen P and total P pools increased in topsoil about 42 and 25 folds, respectively from 1985 to 2015. Soil P accumulation occurred not only in topsoil but also found in deeper soil horizon of pomelo orchard. Compared with the natural forest, the concentration of Olsen P and fractions (Al-P and Fe-P) in 20-year-old pomelo orchard increased significantly in soil depth of 0–120 cm, while Sol-P increased significantly in 0–60 cm soil depth. Scenario analyses from 1985 to 2100 indicated that the P application rate at 31 kg P ha−1 could maintain pomelo yield at its optimum level. These findings could provide the synthesized novel insight for understanding the soil P status and its sustainable management in the pomelo orchard systems.

Differential response of bacterial diversity and community composition to different tree ages of pomelo under red and paddy soils

“…Proteobacteria was positively correlated with AP, AK, and AN because it is categorized into a copiotroph group that prefers high-nutrient soil resources (Eilers et al, 2010). Acidobacteria was positively correlated with soil pH and consistent with previous findings (Wang et al, 2018;Muneer et al, 2022). Various studies have reported inconsistent results of soil pH on Acidobacteria, where some studies also have shown a negative correlation (Jones et al, 2009;Navarrete et al, 2013).…”

“…At the final stage, hydrolyzed-N was titrated with H 2 SO 4 (Zhou et al, 2022). Available phosphorous (AP) was extracted using 0.5 mol L −1 of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) at pH 8.5 and quantified by a SpectraMax M4 spectrophotometer (Molecular Devices, Ca, USA) (Yan et al, 2022). Available potassium (AK) was extracted with ammonium acetate solution (NH 4 CH 3 CO 2 ) and quantified by flame photometry (FP6410, INESA, China) (Guo et al, 2022).…”

Simulating the soil phosphorus dynamics of four long‐term field experiments with a novel phosphorus model

“…A further key element for plant nutrition is P, which is responsible for plant growth, reproduction and energy transfer within the plant. In agriculture, mineral P is used as fertilizer but P reservoirs are limited and depleting (Sulieman & Mühling, 2021; Yan et al, 2022). Therefore, P cycling gains a rising interest in agricultural praxis.…”

Effects of biochar and organic-inorganic fertilizer on pomelo orchard soil properties, enzymes activities, and microbial community structure

“…The soil is basically considered acidic with poor soil fertility ( Chen et al, 2022 ). To improve pomelo fruits yield, farmers use excessive use of chemical fertilizers, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ( Yan et al, 2022 ), which results in soil acidification, destroying soil structure, reducing soil organic matter, and inhibiting the absorption of soil nutrients ( Iqbal et al, 2021 ; Ali et al, 2022 ). Soil nutrient status is the most critical factor which affects soil microbes ( Paul, 2014 ).…”