Spatio-temporal planning of urban neighborhoods in the context of global climate change: Lessons for urban form design in Tehran, Iran

Ramyar, Reza; Zarghami, Esmaeil; Bryant, Margaret

doi:10.1016/j.scs.2019.101554

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…areas 1-10 4 m 2 in size, that are required for studies contributing to climate sustainability of urban design (Georgescu et al 2015). Whilst micro-scale studies using simulation models of urban thermal environments exist (Perini et al 2017;Sodoudi et al 2018;Ramyar et al 2019), they often utilise unrealistic models of urban form, resulting in crude estimates, (Li et al 2020) that could be substituted by excerpts from the typology developed here. In fact, urban climatology is known for attempts to stratify urban form into morphological areas contributing to homogenous thermal responses, an example of which is given by the urban climate zones (UCZs) developed by Stewart and Oke (2012) and pertaining to neighbourhood scales.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impact of urban form on UHI is often described through direct measurements of air temperature across different urban gradients (Schwarz et al 2012;Lin et al 2019) or through street-scale simulations (Sodoudi et al 2018;Ramyar et al 2019) allowing for micro-scale assessments. Such studies, however, take into account only a relatively small sample of observations and may not fully capture specific site effects elsewhere (Romero Rodríguez et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simple method for determination of fine resolution urban form patterns with distinct thermal properties using class-level landscape metrics

2020

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Context Relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and spatial configuration of urban form described by landscape metrics so far have been investigated with coarse resolution LST imagery within artificially superimposed land divisions. Citywide micro-scale observations are needed to better inform urban design and help mitigate urban heat island effects in warming climates. Objectives The primary objective was to sub-divide an existing high-resolution land cover (LC) map into groups of patches with distinct spatial and thermal properties suitable for urban LST studies relevant to micro-scales. The secondary objective was to provide insights into the optimal analytical unit size to calculate class-level landscape metrics strongly correlated with LST at 2 m spatial resolution. Methods A two-tiered unsupervised k-means clustering analysis was deployed to derive spatially distinct groups of patches of each major LC class followed by further subdivisions into hottest, coldest and intermediary sub-classes, making use of high resolution class-level landscape metrics strongly correlated with LST. Results Aggregation class-level landscape metrics were consistently correlated with LST for green and grey LC classes and the optimal search window size for their calculations was 100 m for LST at 2 m resolution. ANOVA indicated that all Tier 1 and most of Tier 2 subdivisions were thermally and spatially different. Conclusions The two-tiered k-means clustering approach was successful at depicting subdivisions of major LC classes with distinct spatial configuration and thermal properties, especially at a broader Tier 1 level. Further research into spatial configuration of LC patches with similar spatial but different thermal properties is required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method for determination of fine resolution urban form patterns with distinct thermal properties using class-level landscape metrics

2020

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“…Understanding urban climate dynamics is one of the issues regarding global warming. Urban population (more than 50% of the global population) is particularly more vulnerable to the temperature rise, because of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomena, which causes higher temperatures in cities than in rural areas (Ramyar et al, 2019). UHIs have been a subject of research for many years (Akbari, Kolokotsa, 2016), and continue to be studied (Bouyer et al, 2011, Plumejeaud-Perreau et al, 2015, Masson et al, 2014, Ramyar et al, 2019, Parsaee et al, 2019, Equere et al, 2020 for the development of urban planning and public policies which could mitigate their impacts.…”

Section: Context : Analysis Of Urban Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing 3d Climate Data in Urban 3d Models

Gautier

Christophe

Brédif

2020

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. In order to understand and explain urban climate, the visual analysis of urban climate data and their relationships with the urban morphology is at stake. This involves partly to co-visualize 3D field climate data, obtained from simulation, with urban 3D models. We propose two ways to visualize and navigate into simulated climate data in urban 3D models, using series of horizontal 2D planes and 3D point clouds. We then explore different parameters regarding transparency, 3D semiologic rules, filtering and animation functions in order to improve the visual analysis of climate data 3D distribution. To achieve this, we apply our propositions to the co-visualization of air temperature data with a 3D urban city model.

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“…For example, Turkish researcherswhile analysing measures to mitigate heat waves, floods and lack of waterindicate that, from the perspectives of massive architectural, spatial, and landscape designs and solutions, climate is among the major factors that play important roles (Toy & Demircan, 2019). Researchers from Iran systematically propose some solutions for cooling urban neighborhoods (Ramyar, Zarghami, & Bryant, 2019). Current planning approaches and policies should effectively deal with environmental challenges, especially when looking at sustainable stormwater management (Pappalardo & La Rosa, 2019), which is also topical in Lithuania.…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable development and urban planning regulations in the context of climate change management measures

Klimas¹

2020

JESI

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The purpose of this paper is to evaluate recent and upcoming changes in urban planning legislation in the Republic of Lithuania, which acknowledge the necessity of introducing climate change management tools. Sustainable development is a core principle of the Spatial Planning Law of the Republic of Lithuania since 2014. Special attention to the management of climate change is given at the national and municipal levels, and recent legislative initiatives are proof of this. Methodologythis analysis is based on evaluating the main applicable documents and introduced amendments. The theoretical publications, statistical data, and judicial practice are also observed while interpreting the given normative rules. This paper specifically analyses the legal requirements enshrined in Lithuanian law that are intended to foster sustainable development. New amendments to manage climate change are also analysed. In addition, the solutions of the Vilnius Master Plan are presented, as they introduced the principle of sustainable development before it became a national rule, as well as climate change management measures. Findingsthe analysis reveals that national regulation only sets out the principles for spatial planners, and it is left to local governments to make final decisions on what exact measures may be introduced for the purpose of ensuring sustainable development and climate change management via spatial planning. This is a cause for concern and should lead to renewed calls for a coherent and ambitious approach to introduce the specific measures at the national levelat least in the bylaws to ensure consistent and unified application. Despite the vague wording employed by the regulations, the Vilnius Master Plan actively encourages the introduction of measures which could help in ensuring sustainable development and climate change management via spatial planning. Originality/valuethis article is the first to analyse the newly adopted principle of sustainable development in the light of climate change management via spatial planning regulations in the Republic of Lithuania. In addition, the present analysis contributes to worldwide studies on sustainable development and climate change measures by filling a gap from Lithuania's side, showing recent regulatory changes as a good practice to other jurisdictions.

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Spatio-temporal planning of urban neighborhoods in the context of global climate change: Lessons for urban form design in Tehran, Iran

Cited by 33 publications

References 39 publications

A simple method for determination of fine resolution urban form patterns with distinct thermal properties using class-level landscape metrics

A simple method for determination of fine resolution urban form patterns with distinct thermal properties using class-level landscape metrics

Visualizing 3d Climate Data in Urban 3d Models

Sustainable development and urban planning regulations in the context of climate change management measures

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