Spatio–temporal frequency domains and their relation to cytochrome oxidase staining in cat visual cortex

Shoham, Doron; Hübener, Mark; Schulze, Silke; Grinvald, Amiram; Bonhoeffer, Tobias

doi:10.1038/385529a0

Cited by 144 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…ref. 44). V2 thin stripes, which are the primary recipients of V1 blob input (13,45), contain cells and modules responsive to chromatic modulation (14,19,26,27) and to luminance increment or decrement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical processing of a brightness illusion

Roe

Hung

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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Several brightness illusions indicate that borders can affect the perception of surfaces dramatically. In the Cornsweet illusion, two equiluminant surfaces appear to be different in brightness because of the contrast border between them. Here, we report the existence of cells in monkey visual cortex that respond to such an ''illusory'' brightness. We find that luminance responsive cells are located in color-activated regions (cytochrome oxidase blobs and bridges) of primary visual cortex (V1), whereas Cornsweet responsive cells are found preferentially in the color-activated regions (thin stripes) of second visual area (V2). This colocalization of brightness and color processing within V1 and V2 suggests a segregation of contour and surface processing in early visual pathways and a hierarchy of brightness information processing from V1 to V2 in monkeys.Cornsweet ͉ optical imaging ͉ thin stripes T he perception of surface brightness is influenced not only by local surface luminance but also by luminance and border contrast cues in the surrounding scene. Influence of nonlocal cues on brightness perception are illustrated by stimuli, such as simultaneous contrast stimuli (1), Mondrians (2), and scenes with 3D perceptual interpretations (3). How the brain encodes such local and global brightness cues is unknown. Only a few studies have examined neuronal response to uniform surfaces (4-9). These studies have shown that although cells modulated by luminance change are found as early as the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), those modulated by perceived brightness change, which occur independent of actual luminance change over the receptive field (RF), can be found as early as the primary visual cortex (V1). Little is known regarding the functional organization of brightness processing in the visual system (cf. ref. 10, in cat visual cortex).Here, we examine the functional organization of brightness processing in the first two stages of Macaque monkey visual cortex, V1 and second visual area (V2). Monkeys have organization of the early visual pathways and perception of brightness similar to those of humans (11,12). Many single-unit recording (13-20), 2-deoxyglucose (21-23), and optical imaging studies (19, 20, 24-29, §) have demonstrated functional organization for the processing of contours and color. Such functional organization does not suggest strict segregation because each functional structure contains a mixture of neurons with varying selectivities. However, as demonstrated by optical imaging, there are clear differences in the overall population response within each structure. In V1, imaging for color, monocularity, or low spatial frequency response reveals patterns of activation that correlate well with cytochrome oxidase blobs (25, 26, 29-31, §). Domains of color activations in V1 tend to be larger than cytochrome oxidase blobs, and they occasionally span two neighboring blobs via cytochrome oxidase bridges (30). Thus, imaging for color is useful for revealing locations of cytochrome oxidase blob...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical processing of a brightness illusion

Roe

Hung

2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

105

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“…Because orientation is circular, a pinwheel-like arrangement may be required for optimal continuity. Other parameters such as ocular dominance, disparity, spatial frequency, and, of course, position in space are mapped continuously across the entire cortical surface [64][65][66][67][68][69][70] . A notable exception is the saltand-pepper-like organization of the rodent visual cortex [43][44][45] .…”

Section: Architecture Of the Grid Mapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grid cells and cortical representation

et al. 2014

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One of the grand challenges in neuroscience is to comprehend neural computation in the association cortices, the parts of the cortex that have shown the largest expansion and differentiation during mammalian evolution and that are thought to contribute so profoundly to the emergence of advanced cognition in humans. In this review, we will use grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex as a gateway to understanding network computation at a stage of cortical processing where firing patterns are shaped not primarily by incoming sensory signals but to a large extent by intrinsic properties of the local circuit.

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“…One example is the CO blobs and interblob system. In cat visual cortex cells in the CO blobs are more responsive to high temporal frequencies, whereas cells in the interblobs prefer lower temporal frequencies (16). What might be the mechanism to establish this functional parcellation?…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonergic control of developmental plasticity

Kirkwood

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Spatio–temporal frequency domains and their relation to cytochrome oxidase staining in cat visual cortex

Cited by 144 publications

References 25 publications

Cortical processing of a brightness illusion

Cortical processing of a brightness illusion

Grid cells and cortical representation

Serotonergic control of developmental plasticity

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