Spatio-temporal distribution of tsetse and other biting flies in the Mouhoun River basin, Burkina Faso

Abstract

In the Mouhoun River basin, Burkina Faso, the main vectors of African animal trypanosomoses are Glossina palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank and Glossina tachinoides Westwood (Diptera: Glossinidae), both of which are riverine tsetse species. The aim of our study was to understand the impact of landscape anthropogenic changes on the seasonal dynamics of vectors and associated trypanosomosis risk. Three sites were selected on the basis of the level of disturbance of tsetse habitats and predominant tsetse species: disturbed (Boromo, for G. tachinoides) and half-disturbed (Douroula for G. tachinoides and Kadomba for G. p. gambiensis). At each of these sites, seasonal variations in the apparent densities of tsetse and mechanical vectors and tsetse infection rates were monitored over 17 months. Tsetse densities differed significantly between sites and seasons. Of 5613 captured tsetse, 1897 were dissected; 34 of these were found to be infected with trypanosomes. The most frequent infection was Trypanosoma vivax (1.4%), followed by Trypanosoma congolense (0.3%) and Trypanosoma brucei (0.05%). The mean physiological age of 703 tsetse females was investigated to better characterize the transmission risk. Despite the environmental changes, it appeared that tsetse lived long enough to transmit trypanosomes, especially in half-disturbed landscapes. A total of 3021 other biting flies from 15 species (mainly Tabanidae and Stomoxyinae) were also caught: their densities also differed significantly among sites and seasons. Their relative importance regarding trypanosome transmission is discussed; the trypanosomosis risk in cattle was similar at all sites despite very low tsetse densities (but high mechanical vector densities) in one of them.

Implications of Microfauna-Host Interactions for Trypanosome Transmission Dynamics in Glossina fuscipes fuscipes in Uganda

“…As a result, neighboring populations can vary in Wolbachia prevalence. Male-biased dispersal has been observed in G. pallidipes (50) and in G. fuscipes fuscipes (37). Furthermore, females are known to have multiple matings (10).…”

Ecodistribution des tabanidés, glossines et stomoxes le long d’un transect forêt primaire –village au Gabon

“…Les diptères hématophages, en l'occurrence tabanidés, glossines et stomoxes, de par leur comportement alimentaire et la nature de leurs pièces buccales, sont des vecteurs mécaniques et/ou biologiques de plusieurs agents pathogènes (Oldroyd, 1954 ;Zumpt, 1973 ;Koné et al, 2011 ;Baldacchino et al, 2013). Certains, tels que tabanidés et stomoxes sont impliqués dans la transmission mécanique des trypanosomes (Rodhain and Perez, 1985 ;Foil, 1989 ;Baldacchino et al, 2013) et de la filariose à Loa loa.…”

“…Certains, tels que tabanidés et stomoxes sont impliqués dans la transmission mécanique des trypanosomes (Rodhain and Perez, 1985 ;Foil, 1989 ;Baldacchino et al, 2013) et de la filariose à Loa loa. (Van Hoegaerden et al, 1987 ;Touré et al, 1998Touré et al, , 1999Koné et al, 2011). Tandis que les glossines constituent les principaux vecteurs de la Trypanosomose Humaine Africaine (THA) ou maladie du sommeil et de la Trypanosomose Animale Africaine (TAA).…”

Baseline survey of animal trypanosomosis in the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso

“…Preventing reinvasion of flies living in the adjacent river basins i.e. the Comoé, The Niger and the Sissili river basins would be indicated since the population of flies originating from the different water basins are genetically interconnected (Solano et al, 2010;Kone et al, 2011). The present survey was conducted before implementing the eradication campaign with the aim of determining the prevalence of trypanosome infections and the health status of farm animals by using the packed cell volume (PCV) and Body Condition Score (BCS) as indicators.…”