Baseline survey of animal trypanosomosis in the region of the Boucle du Mouhoun, Burkina Faso

Abstract

In view of gathering baseline information about the prevalence of animal trypanosomosis, the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC) funded a cross sectional survey in the Region of the Boucle du Mouhoun which constitutes the Northern limit of the tsetse distribution in Burkina. This cross sectional study was carried out in 53 villages located in the 6 provinces of the region. A total of 2002 cattle, 1466 small ruminants and 481 donkeys were sampled. This survey showed that about 25% of the cattle had been treated with trypanocidal drugs within 3 months before the survey compared to 3% and 0.42% for the small ruminants and donkeys respectively. Parasitological prevalence in cattle was low: 0.77% (95% C.I. 0.30-1.95%). No goats and three donkeys were found infected with trypanosomes. Infections were mainly due to Trypanosoma vivax (75.0%) with cases of T. congolense (25.0%). In cattle, the serological prevalence of trypanosomosis, for the entire Region of the Boucle du Mouhoun, was 34.2% (95%C.I. 26.1-43.4%). For sheep, goats and donkeys, the prevalence were of 20.9% (95%C.I. 12.2-33.5%), 8.5% (95%C.I. 5.7-12.5%) and 5.8% (95%C.I. 3.9-8.6%) respectively.The age and distance to the river were the two main risk factors associated with seropositivity.

Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa

“…In Africa, T. vivax is highly prevalent in both tsetse-infested and tsetse-free regions. It is considered an important pathogen in Burkina Faso [3,4], Ghana, Zambia [5], Nigeria [6], Uganda [7], Ethiopia [8,9], Sudan [10] and Cameroon [11]. The cyclical transmission of T. vivax is limited to tsetse flies; mechanical transmission by other biting flies allows T. vivax to spread in some tsetse-free African regions and to Central and South America, where it is disseminated by tabanids and stomoxes [1,2].…”

A Spatio-temporal Model of African Animal Trypanosomosis Risk

“…In Burkina Faso, tsetse eradication efforts, targeting the northern part of the Mouhoun river basin started in 2008 ( http://www.pattec.bf ). In Ghana, the eradication project started in 2010 [ 12 ]. During the feasibility studies of these projects, baseline entomological surveys were carried out and generated an important amount of data, such as tsetse apparent density and their trypanosome infection rates.…”

“…A spatio-temporal model of tsetse apparent densities was also developed in a few sites along the Mouhoun river, where a longitudinal monitoring of the parasitological status of cattle was conducted [ 10 ]. Finally, two recent national eradication initiatives with a regional dimension were undertaken in south-western Burkina-Faso and north-western Ghana under the umbrella of the Pan African Tsetse and Trypanosomosis Eradication Campaign (PATTEC), within which extensive baseline data on vector distributions and disease prevalence were generated [ 11 , 12 ].…”

Developing a Progressive Control Pathway for African Animal Trypanosomosis

“…At very low tsetse densities, advanced statistical analysis of tsetse catches is needed to measure the probability of having achieved tsetse elimination [30]. Despite the emphasis on tsetse data, essential AAT [29,58,59] and socioeconomic data [60] are still needed. Figure 2.…”