Spatio-temporal distribution and natural variation of metabolites in citrus fruits

Wang, Shouchuang; Tu, Hong; Wan, Jian; Chen, Wei; Liu, Xianqing; Xu, Juan; Zhang, Hongyan

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.113

Cited by 138 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In particular, 1 and 2 were mainly found in the segment membrane; the lowest levels were detected in flavedo. Furthermore, lemon showed the highest abundance of both bitter metabolites, while the least accumulation was observed in orange [2].…”

Section: Metabolomic Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a crowded family of polycyclic secondary metabolites found mostly in seeds [1], fruits [2], and peel [3][4][5][6][7] tissues of citrus fruits, including lemons, limes, oranges (both sour and sweet), pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins [5]. CLs are regarded as highly oxygenated triterprenoids as they contain relatively high numbers of oxygen atoms (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) in their structures.…”

Section: Complexity and Evolution Of Citrus Limonoid Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of the identified limonoids were highly abundant in oranges and, in particular, Sucrenya cultivar showed a specific accumulation of 3 and 47 [170]. Similarly, non-targeted HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS based metabolomic analysis was performed by Wang et al [2] to study more thoroughly than before the tissue-specific metabolism in citrus. Particularly, four fruit tissues (flavedo, albedo, segment membrane, and juice sacs) and different C. species (lemon, pumello and grapefruit, sweet orange and mandarin) were investigated.…”

Section: Metabolomic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

et al. 2016

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Citrus limonoids (CLs) are a group of highly oxygenated terpenoid secondary metabolites found mostly in the seeds, fruits and peel tissues of citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, oranges, pumellos, grapefruits, bergamots, and mandarins. Represented by limonin, the aglycones and glycosides of CLs have shown to display numerous pharmacological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic and insecticidal among others. In this review, the chemistry and pharmacology of CLs are systematically scrutinised through the use of medicinal chemistry tools and structure-activity relationship approach. Synthetic derivatives and other structurally-related limonoids from other sources are include in the analysis. With the focus on literature in the past decade, the chemical classification of CLs, their physico-chemical properties as drugs, their biosynthesis and enzymatic modifications, possible ways of enhancing their biological activities through structural modifications, their ligand efficiency metrics and systematic graphical radar plot analysis to assess their developability as drugs are among those discussed in detail.

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Section: Metabolomic Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Complexity and Evolution Of Citrus Limonoid Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Metabolomic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

et al. 2016

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“…Plant metabolomics carries out a qualitative and quantitative analysis of small molecular metabolites in plants, so as to help researchers understand the synthesis and accumulation patterns of metabolites [11]. At present, the study of plant metabolites mainly involves the identification of metabolites, variety differentiation and auxiliary breeding and so on [12][13][14][15]. Flavonoids-targeted metabolomics refers to the analysis of small molecular metabolites of flavonoids (anthocyanins), which is often used to analyze the formation mechanism of plant color.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Flavonoid Biosynthesis Regulation for Leaf Color Development of Cymbidium sinense ‘Red Sun’

Gao

Ren

Wei

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The colorful leaf is an important ornamental character of Cymbidium sinense (C. sinense), especially the red leaf, which has always been attracted by breeders and consumers. However, little is documented on the formation mechanism of the red leaf of C. sinense. In this study, the changing patterns of flavonoid-related metabolites, corresponding enzyme activities and genes expression in the leaves of C. sinense ‘Red Sun’ from red to yellow and finally to green was investigated. A total of 196 flavonoid-related metabolites including 11 anthocyanins metabolites were identified using UPLC-MS/MS-based approach. In the process of leaf color change, 42 metabolites were identified as having significantly different contents and the content of 28 differential metabolites turned to zero. In anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, content of all 15 identified metabolites showed downregulation trend in the process of leaf color change. Among the 15 metabolites, the contents of Naringenin chalcone, Pelargonidin O-acetylhexoside and Anthocyanin 3-O-beta-d-glucoside decreased to zero in the green leaf stage. The changing pattern of enzyme activity of 10 enzymes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway showed different trends from red leaves that have turned yellow and finally green, while the expression of genes encoding these enzymes was all down-regulated in the process of leaf color change. The results of this study revealed the types of flavonoid-related metabolites and the comprehensive analysis of metabolites content, enzyme activities and genes expression providing a new reference for breeders to improve the leaf color of C. sinense ‘Red Sun’.

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“…Citrus fruit are well accepted by consumers because of their nutritional and health-promoting properties. In citrus fruit, bioactive compounds, including vitamin C, soluble sugars, organic acids, amino acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, and volatile compounds, contribute to the global fruit quality while also being beneficial to human health [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Other than their contribution to the odor notes, volatile compounds play important roles in the interactions between plants and their environment [9] via attracting pollinators and defending against pathogens and herbivores [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Compounds in Fruit Peels as Novel Biomarkers for the Identification of Four Citrus Species

et al. 2019

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The aroma quality of citrus fruit is determined by volatile compounds, which bring about different notes to allow discrimination among different citrus species. However, the volatiles with various aromatic traits specific to different citrus species have not been identified. In this study, volatile profiles in the fruit peels of four citrus species collected from our previous studies were subjected to various analyses to mine volatile biomarkers. Principal component analysis results indicated that different citrus species could almost completely be separated. Thirty volatiles were identified as potential biomarkers in discriminating loose-skin mandarin, sweet orange, pomelo, and lemon, while 17 were identified as effective biomarkers in discriminating clementine mandarins from the other loose-skin mandarins and sweet oranges. Finally, 30 citrus germplasms were used to verify the classification based on β-elemene, valencene, nootkatone, and limettin as biomarkers. The accuracy values were 90.0%, 96.7%, 96.7%, and 100%, respectively. This research may provide a novel and effective alternative approach to identifying citrus genetic resources.

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Spatio-temporal distribution and natural variation of metabolites in citrus fruits

Cited by 138 publications

References 39 publications

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Citrus Limonoids

Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Flavonoid Biosynthesis Regulation for Leaf Color Development of Cymbidium sinense ‘Red Sun’

Volatile Compounds in Fruit Peels as Novel Biomarkers for the Identification of Four Citrus Species

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