Spatio-temporal assessment of pregnant women exposure to chlorpyrifos at a regional scale

Background At a regional or continental scale, the characterization of environmental health inequities (EHI) expresses the idea that populations are not equal in the face of pollution. It implies an analysis be conducted in order to identify and manage the areas at risk of overexposure where an increasing risk to human health is suspected. The development of methods is a prerequisite for implementing public health activities aimed at protecting populations. Methods This paper presents the methodological framework developed by INERIS (French National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks) to identify a common framework for a structured and operationalized assessment of human exposure. An integrated exposure assessment approach has been developed to integrate the multiplicity of exposure pathways from various sources, through a series of models enabling the final exposure of a population to be defined. Results Measured data from environmental networks reflecting the actual contamination of the environment are used to gauge the population’s exposure. Sophisticated methods of spatial analysis are applied to include additional information and take benefit of spatial and inter-variable correlation to improve data representativeness and characterize the associated uncertainty. Integrated approaches bring together all the information available for assessing the source-to-human-dose continuum using a Geographic Information System, multimedia exposure and toxicokinetic model. Discussion One of the objectives of the integrated approach was to demonstrate the feasibility of building complex realistic exposure scenarios satisfying the needs of stakeholders and the accuracy of the modelling predictions at a fine spatial-temporal resolution. A case study is presented to provide a specific application of the proposed framework and how the results could be used to identify an overexposed population. Conclusion This framework could be used for many purposes, such as mapping EHI, identifying vulnerable populations and providing determinants of exposure to manage and plan remedial actions and to assess the spatial relationships between health and the environment to identify factors that influence the variability of disease patterns.

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“…An approach integrating and coupling models with environmental data has been developed [56] and applied to this study (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Key Illustrative Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing environmental geographic inequalities using an integrated exposure assessment

et al. 2021

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“…Pesticides are fundamental to agricultural productivity; however, their residues transported through the agricultural food chain can cause health damage to both humans and animals. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] With that, pesticides contribute to the global animal and human health burden. 8,9 To protect population health and promote commodity trade, international regulatory organizations, including the European Union (EU) and Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), have dened maximum residue levels (MRLs) as the legal limits for pesticides in foods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of pesticide distributions in foods of animal origin: a matrix-based approach for biotransfer factor modeling of grazing mammals

Xiong

Fantke

2022

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…Pesticides are among the most regulated substances because of their intended toxic potency toward living organisms 1–10 . After application to croplands, pesticide residues can be transported via the livestock‐product supply chain 11–14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pesticides are among the most regulated substances because of their intended toxic potency toward living organisms. 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 After application to croplands, pesticide residues can be transported via the livestock‐product supply chain. 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 Worldwide, pesticide residues are frequently detected in food products of the livestock‐product supply chain, including crops, animal feeds, livestock bodies, and foods of animal origin, particularly for some organic compounds that are amenable to bioaccumulation in livestock products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framework for defining pesticide maximum residue levels in feed: applications to cattle and sheep

Fantke

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Pesticide residues in animal feed can endanger animal health and compromise the safety of livestock products for human consumption. Even though policymakers such as the European Union and the World Health Organization have established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides in both human food and animal feed, there is no systematic management of pesticides in animal feed that considers the entire supply chain. In response, we propose a framework for defining consistent MRLs for pesticides in animal feed that assesses the impact of defined MRLs on upstream (e.g., MRLs in feed crops) and downstream (e.g., MRLs in livestock products) sectors of the livestock‐product supply chain. RESULTS The MRLs determined for the selected pesticides in the feed of cattle and sheep as case study animals indicate that lipophilic pesticides tend to have lower MRLs than hydrophilic pesticides, primarily due to the relatively high toxicity and biotransfer factors of lipophilic pesticides. In addition, we observe that, primarily for lipophilic pesticides, upstream and downstream regulations are not aligned in terms of defining MRLs in feed using current MRLs in crops with relevance to feed and foods of animal origin. CONCLUSION Some of the current pesticide regulations in the livestock‐product supply chain need to be re‐evaluated to ensure that MRLs in the upstream sector (i.e., crops) do not result in unacceptable residues in the downstream sector (i.e., MRLs in livestock products affecting animal and human health). Finally, we provide recommendations for optimizing the derivation of MRLs in feed, including the evaluation of residue fate during feed and food manufacturing processes. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Spatio-temporal assessment of pregnant women exposure to chlorpyrifos at a regional scale

Cited by 7 publications

References 43 publications

Characterizing environmental geographic inequalities using an integrated exposure assessment

Characterizing environmental geographic inequalities using an integrated exposure assessment

Screening of pesticide distributions in foods of animal origin: a matrix-based approach for biotransfer factor modeling of grazing mammals

Framework for defining pesticide maximum residue levels in feed: applications to cattle and sheep

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