Screening of pesticide distributions in foods of animal origin: a matrix-based approach for biotransfer factor modeling of grazing mammals

Li, Zijian; Xiong, Jie; Fantke, Peter

doi:10.1039/d1em00454a

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…For example, for pesticides with a biotransfer factor (BTF, defined as the concentration ratio of livestock product (raw) to animal feed) of less than 1,

{MRL}_{Feed}

should be defined as an upper limit for the back‐transformed value from the MRL in livestock products, while for BTF > 1,

{MRL}_{Feed}

would be defined as the lower limit of that value. In the present study, we applied physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models to link

{MRL}_{Feed}

to MRLs in livestock products, 27 which generated

{MRL}_{Food \to Feed}

.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we selected cattle and sheep as example animals to demonstrate the MRL‐derivation process, because these two animals are the most common livestock, and their products ( i.e ., meat, offal, and milk) play a significant role in daily dietary requirements. The proposed framework can also be applied to other livestock animals, such as swine, horses, and deer, by expanding the input animal‐specific variables 27 . For poultry, the physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model should be adjusted according to bird‐like physiological characteristics 30 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The BTF Feed→Food,i values of pesticides for cattle and sheep were obtained from Li et al 27 and were solved by matrix algebra that transforms the fate of pesticide residues in animal bodies into first-order kinetics. The physiological parameters and derivation process of the PBK model can be referred from Li et al 27 In the present study, we assume that the steady state of pesticide distribution between tissues and feed is achieved because slaughter typically occurs several years after the birth of cattle and sheep, which is longer than the time it takes for residue distribution in animal bodies to reach the steady state. The parametric models for predicting the BTF Feed→Food,i,j,m values of pesticides for cattle and sheep are provided in the Supplementary File.…”

Section: Applications To Cattle and Sheepan Illustrative Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed framework can also be applied to other livestock animals, such as swine, horses, and deer, by expanding the input animal-specific variables. 27 For poultry, the physiologically based kinetic (PBK) model should be adjusted according to bird-like physiological characteristics. 30 We note that cattle and sheep that graze in rangelands (particularly in summer) are free from consuming the derived feed.…”

Section: Applications To Cattle and Sheepan Illustrative Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Framework for defining pesticide maximum residue levels in feed: applications to cattle and sheep

Fantke

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Pesticide residues in animal feed can endanger animal health and compromise the safety of livestock products for human consumption. Even though policymakers such as the European Union and the World Health Organization have established maximum residue levels (MRLs) for pesticides in both human food and animal feed, there is no systematic management of pesticides in animal feed that considers the entire supply chain. In response, we propose a framework for defining consistent MRLs for pesticides in animal feed that assesses the impact of defined MRLs on upstream (e.g., MRLs in feed crops) and downstream (e.g., MRLs in livestock products) sectors of the livestock‐product supply chain. RESULTS The MRLs determined for the selected pesticides in the feed of cattle and sheep as case study animals indicate that lipophilic pesticides tend to have lower MRLs than hydrophilic pesticides, primarily due to the relatively high toxicity and biotransfer factors of lipophilic pesticides. In addition, we observe that, primarily for lipophilic pesticides, upstream and downstream regulations are not aligned in terms of defining MRLs in feed using current MRLs in crops with relevance to feed and foods of animal origin. CONCLUSION Some of the current pesticide regulations in the livestock‐product supply chain need to be re‐evaluated to ensure that MRLs in the upstream sector (i.e., crops) do not result in unacceptable residues in the downstream sector (i.e., MRLs in livestock products affecting animal and human health). Finally, we provide recommendations for optimizing the derivation of MRLs in feed, including the evaluation of residue fate during feed and food manufacturing processes. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…For example, for pesticides with a biotransfer factor (BTF, defined as the concentration ratio of livestock product (raw) to animal feed) of less than 1,

{MRL}_{Feed}

should be defined as an upper limit for the back‐transformed value from the MRL in livestock products, while for BTF > 1,

{MRL}_{Feed}

would be defined as the lower limit of that value. In the present study, we applied physiologically based kinetic (PBK) models to link

{MRL}_{Feed}

to MRLs in livestock products, 27 which generated

{MRL}_{Food \to Feed}

.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications To Cattle and Sheepan Illustrative Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Applications To Cattle and Sheepan Illustrative Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Framework for defining pesticide maximum residue levels in feed: applications to cattle and sheep

Fantke

2022

Pest Management Science

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“…Animal feed contains a large variety of agricultural commodities, and pesticides are used globally to cultivate agricultural commodities [ 14 ]. Therefore, pesticide residues in animal feed can be transferred to livestock products when livestock feed is contaminated with pesticides [ 15 ]. It is highly possible that pesticide residues in food originating from livestock products affect food safety and human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating sulfoxaflor residues in pig tissues using animal modeling

Cho¹,

Seo²,

Jeong³

et al. 2022

J Anim Sci Technol

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Maximum residue limits (MRL) for pesticides in feed have been set to protect public health and produce safe livestock products. In vivo experiments to establish MRL are essential, as livestock are commonly used to obtain reliable In vivo quantitative information. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether small laboratory animals can replace or reduce monogastric livestock in experiments to quantify pesticide residues In vivo after oral consumption through feed. First, 24 pigs and rats were randomly assigned to four groups and fed 0, 3, 9, or 30 mg/kg of sulfoxaflor. After four weeks, serum, muscle, fat, liver, kidney, and small intestine samples were collected, and sulfoxaflor residues were analyzed using liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Sulfoxaflor residues in pig tissues were significantly correlated with those in rat tissues. Model equations were formulated based on the residual sulfoxaflor amount in pig and rat tissues. The calculated and measured sulfoxaflor residues in pigs and rats showed more than 90% similarity. Sulfoxaflor did not affect body weight gain, feed intake, or the feed conversion ratio. Therefore, we concluded that pesticide residue quantification in vivo to establish MRL could be performed using small laboratory animals instead of livestock animals. This would contribute to obtaining In vivo pesticide residue information and reducing large-scale livestock animal experiments.

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Considering degradation kinetics of pesticides in plant uptake models: proof of concept for potato

Fantke

2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants are crucial for modeling mechanism-based pesticide residual concentrations. However, due to complex open-field conditions that involve multiple pesticide plant uptake and elimination processes, it is difficult to directly measure degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants. To address this limitation, we proposed a modeling approach for estimating degradation rate constants of pesticides in plants, using potato as a model crop. An operational tool was developed to backward-estimate degradation rate constants, and three pesticides were selected to perform example simulations. RESULTS:The simulation results of thiamethoxam indicated that the growth dynamics of the potato had a significant impact on the degradation kinetic estimates when the pesticide was applied during the early growth stage, as the size of the potato determined the uptake and elimination kinetics via diffusion. Using mepiquat, we demonstrated that geographical variations in weather conditions and soil properties led to significant differences in the dissipation kinetics in both potato plants and soil, which propagated the variability of the degradation rate constant. Simulation results of chlorpyrifos differed between two reported field studies, which is due to the effect of the vertical distribution of the residue concentration in the soil, which is not considered in the majority of recent studies. CONCLUSIONS: Our proposed approach is adaptable to plant growth dynamics, preharvest intervals, and multiple pesticide application events. In future research, it is expected that the proposed method will enable region-specific inputs to improve the estimation of the degradation kinetics of pesticides in plants.

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Screening of pesticide distributions in foods of animal origin: a matrix-based approach for biotransfer factor modeling of grazing mammals

Abstract: A matrix-based approach implemented in the PBK model helps perform high-throughput simulation of residue levels in foods of animal origin.

Cited by 14 publications

References 55 publications

Framework for defining pesticide maximum residue levels in feed: applications to cattle and sheep

Framework for defining pesticide maximum residue levels in feed: applications to cattle and sheep

Evaluating sulfoxaflor residues in pig tissues using animal modeling

Considering degradation kinetics of pesticides in plant uptake models: proof of concept for potato

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