Spatio-temporal assessment of groundwater depletion in Punjab, India

Sidhu, Buta Singh; Sharda, Rakesh; Singh, Sanjay

doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100498

Cited by 71 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A net loss of around 109 km 3 during 2002–2008 using NASA’s GRACE 9 which is as a result of changing cropping pattern and usage of ground water for irrigation. In Punjab, the number of tube wells have increased to 1.47 million in 2019 (compared to 0.19 million in 1970) while observed groundwater level reduced by 8.91 m averaged for Punjab state from 2000–2019 8 . Various studies have proven that SB adversely effects the air quality and thereby human health 10 , 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Despite the government policies prohibiting ways to tackle stubble burning and groundwater preservation (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act 1981; The Punjab Preservation of Subsoil Act 2009; The Haryana Preservation of Subsoil Act 2009 (hereafter GW acts); National Policy for Management of Crop Residue 2014; National Green Tribunal 2015), the practice is still continuing. Various studies show that the groundwater over Punjab and Haryana has depleted even after the implementation of 2009 water preservation act at an alarming rate 7 , 8 . A net loss of around 109 km 3 during 2002–2008 using NASA’s GRACE 9 which is as a result of changing cropping pattern and usage of ground water for irrigation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long term influence of groundwater preservation policy on stubble burning and air pollution over North-West India

Kant

Chauhan

Natwariya

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Stubble burning (SB) has been a major source of seasonal aerosol loading and pollution over northern India. The aftereffects of groundwater preservation act i.e., post 2010 era (2011–2020) has seen delay in crop harvesting thereby shifting the peak SB to May (Wheat SB) and to November (Paddy SB) by 8–10 and 10–12 days compared to pre-2010. Groundwater storage depletion rate of 29.2 mm yr−1 was observed over the region. Post 2010 era shows an increase of 1.4% in wheat SB and 21% in Paddy SB fires over Punjab and Haryana with 70% of PM2.5 air mass clusters (high probability > 0.8) advecting to the downwind regions leading to 23–26% increase in PM2.5 and 4–6% in aerosol loading over National Capital Region (NCR). Although the objective of water conservation policy was supposed to preserve the groundwater by delaying the paddy transplantation and sowing, on the contrary the implementation of this policy has seen groundwater storage after 2013 depleting at a rate of 29.2 mmyr−1 over these regions. Post policy implementation has led to shift and shrinking of harvest window with increased occurrences in SB fires which also increase associated particulate matter pollution over North India.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long term influence of groundwater preservation policy on stubble burning and air pollution over North-West India

Kant

Chauhan

Natwariya

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…Since the 1970s, groundwater has been continuously pumped, resulting in its declining level in northwest India, as an aftermath of the Green Revolution ( Hira et al, 2004 ). The mean groundwater depletion in the Punjab state was about 8.91 m between 2000 and 2019 ( Sidhu et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Traditional Production Practices and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Drip irrigation (surface and subsurface) systems provide water and nutrients to the crop root zone, where it can be utilized most effectively. Automation of irrigation in general and drip irrigation in particular with use of sensor network and communication technologies can help in addressing the emerging challenges of inefficiency of water use in the agriculture ( Sidhu et al, 2021 ). Multiple cropping system of summer mung bean–maize–wheat as alternative to the rice–wheat system, enabled by subsurface drip irrigation and fertigation techniques could lead to 30% savings in irrigation water ( Brar et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Alternative Production Technologies and Associated Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Issues and Potential Opportunities in the Rice–Wheat Cropping System of North-Western India

Dhanda

Yadav

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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The rice–wheat cropping system (RWCS) is the backbone of Indian farming, especially in the north-western region. But continuous adoption of the RWCS in northwest India has resulted in major challenges and stagnation in the productivity of this system. Additionally, the Indo-Gangetic Plains of Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh are also facing similar challenges for sustainable production of the RWCS. Several emerging problems, such as the exhausting nutrient pool in soil, deteriorating soil health, groundwater depletion, escalating production cost, labor scarcity, environmental pollution due to crop residue burning and enhanced greenhouse gas emissions, climatic vulnerabilities, and herbicide resistance in weed species, are a few major threats to its sustainability. To address these challenges, a wide range of sustainable intensification technologies have been developed to reduce the irrigation and labor requirements, tillage intensity, and straw burning. Awareness and capacity building of the stakeholders and policy matching/advocacy need to be prioritized to adopt time- and need-based strategies at the ground level to combat these challenges. This review summarizes the current status and challenges of the RWCS in the northwest region of the country and also focuses on the precision management options for achieving high productivity, profitability, and sustainability.

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“…The average groundwater extraction in India has increased whoopingly by five times in past decades. The average groundwater use in India has increased by 50% causing a rapid decrease in groundwater levels to an irreversible point (Fishman et al, 2017; Mukherji et al, 2013; Sidhu et al, 2021). Likewise, one study by Central Water Commission (2020) showed some statistics on percentage water consumption in different sectors, annual water usage by different states, and the expected water demand in India by 2025 and 2050 (Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

Marathe

Singh

Raghunathan

et al. 2021

Water Environment Research

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Different industrial activities such as agro‐food processing and manufacturing, leather manufacturing, and paper and pulp production generate highly saline wastewater. Direct discharge of saline wastewater has resulted in pollution of waterbodies by very high magnitudes. Consequently, an enormous number of pollutants such as heavy metals, salts, and organic matter are also released into the environment threatening the survival of human and biota. Saline wastewater also has significant effects on survival of plants, agricultural activities, and groundwater systems. Several treatments and disposal technologies are available for saline wastewater, but the selection of the most appropriate treatment and disposal technology still remains a major challenge with respect to the economic or technical constraints. Considering the sustainable management of saline wastewater, the present review is an attempt to compile the existing and emerging technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Among all the individual and hybrid technologies, land‐based treatment systems are proven to be the most efficient technologies considering the energy demands, economic, and treatment efficiencies. Likewise, new and sustainable technologies are the need of hour integrating both the treatment and management and the resource recovery factors along with the ultimate goal of the protection in terms of human health and environmental aspect. Practitioner points Physico‐chemical treatment technologies for saline wastewater. Combined/Hybrid technologies for the treatment of saline wastewater. Land‐based treatments as the environment friendly and sustainable method for saline wastewater treatment and disposal. Role of phytoremediation in land‐based treatment.

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Spatio-temporal assessment of groundwater depletion in Punjab, India

Cited by 71 publications

References 9 publications

Long term influence of groundwater preservation policy on stubble burning and air pollution over North-West India

Long term influence of groundwater preservation policy on stubble burning and air pollution over North-West India

Emerging Issues and Potential Opportunities in the Rice–Wheat Cropping System of North-Western India

Current available treatment technologies for saline wastewater and land‐based treatment as an emerging environment‐friendly technology: A review

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