“…4–5). This political struggle is well documented in many discussions on Malaysian political economy, such as Case () on investment and financial policies and Park and Lepawsky () on high‐technology industrial corridors. This article’s focus on FTA policy contributes to this literature, as ideas, institutions, and interests are essentially political arenas wherein neoliberalism contests state interventionism.…”
Section: Definition and Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
From 2003 to March 2018, Malaysia showed increasing enthusiasm toward forging free trade agreements (FTAs). This article analyzes the factors that determined its attitude, focusing on: (i) why it is currently active; (ii) why it selects specific partners; and (iii) why it combines moderate with comprehensive liberalization. It is found that the interplay between ideas, institutions, and interests are important to explain the causes. First, both state interventionism and neoliberal ideas influence these outcomes. Second, within the competitive authoritarian institutions, neoliberal supporters have benefited from executive‐heavy policymaking processes, while the anti‐FTA groups failed to forge a strong alliance. Third, interaction between two veto points – the neoliberal executive and the resistant faction within the ruling party – created compromise and convergence in FTA policy. Ultimately, Malaysia has an “assertive but reserved” attitude toward reconciling differences between old embeddedness and new international practices.
“…4–5). This political struggle is well documented in many discussions on Malaysian political economy, such as Case () on investment and financial policies and Park and Lepawsky () on high‐technology industrial corridors. This article’s focus on FTA policy contributes to this literature, as ideas, institutions, and interests are essentially political arenas wherein neoliberalism contests state interventionism.…”
Section: Definition and Theoretical Frameworkmentioning
From 2003 to March 2018, Malaysia showed increasing enthusiasm toward forging free trade agreements (FTAs). This article analyzes the factors that determined its attitude, focusing on: (i) why it is currently active; (ii) why it selects specific partners; and (iii) why it combines moderate with comprehensive liberalization. It is found that the interplay between ideas, institutions, and interests are important to explain the causes. First, both state interventionism and neoliberal ideas influence these outcomes. Second, within the competitive authoritarian institutions, neoliberal supporters have benefited from executive‐heavy policymaking processes, while the anti‐FTA groups failed to forge a strong alliance. Third, interaction between two veto points – the neoliberal executive and the resistant faction within the ruling party – created compromise and convergence in FTA policy. Ultimately, Malaysia has an “assertive but reserved” attitude toward reconciling differences between old embeddedness and new international practices.
“…The state's intervention through financial regulations effectively boosted housing production by the private sector in the real estate market: we see this as local evidence of what Smith () called a global strategy of urban restructuring. Park and Lepawsky () suggest that neoliberalization became a dominant feature of ‘urban restructuring', but the political economy and racial politics of Malaysia certainly influenced the form restructuring would take.…”
Section: Malaysia's Experience Of Neoliberalismmentioning
Enclosed residential areas are proliferating in Malaysian cities, in common with many other parts of the world. The production of gated communities and guarded neighborhoods in Malaysia reveals the active role of the state in creating conditions that support enclosure and securitization of space. This article examines the role of governance in producing residential enclaves that reinforce segregation and fragment urban landscapes. Based on a study of gated communities in Malaysia, we argue that governments, corporations and citizen groups collaborate within a complex governance system that (re)produces enclosure. Neoliberal market principles fuse with ethnic politics, cultural predilections and economic imperatives to generate a socially and spatially fragmented urban landscape where security concerns dominate and where citizens culturally, physically and symbolically segregate themselves from others. Environment,
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