Spatial Variation of the Precipitation Chemistry in the Thrace Region of Turkey

Şaylan, Levent; Çaldağ, Barış; Bakanoğulları, Fatih; Toros, Hüseyi̇n; Yazgan, Mustafa S.; Şen, Orhan; Özkoca, Yunus

doi:10.1002/clen.201000065

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…To date, many studies around the world have revealed the source types, formation mechanisms, chemical and physical characteristics, and dry and wet deposition of the major water-soluble inorganic ions. 2,[6][7][8][9][10] The rapid economic growth in China during the past three decades has caused many environmental pollution problems. For example, one third of the Chinese territory has been affected by acid rain, with some megacities in southern China experiencing rain with an annual mean pH as low as 3.…”

Section: Environmental Impactmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Air mass backtrajectory is another useful tool to identify the possible sources and transport pathways of air pollution and precipitation. 2,9 In this study, a 48 h air mass back-trajectory was generated using the NOAA HYSPLIT 4 trajectory model to help analyze the sources of ionic species in the collected precipitation samples. Precipitation events from the air masses of the same directions will be defined as the same trajectory cluster.…”

Section: 24mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical composition, sources, and deposition fluxes of water-soluble inorganic ions obtained from precipitation chemistry measurements collected at an urban site in northwest China

et al. 2012

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Precipitation samples were collected at an urban site in Xi'an, northwest China during March to November in 2009 and were then analyzed to determine the pH and concentrations of water-soluble inorganic ions (Na(+), NH(4)(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), SO(4)(2-), NO(3)(-), Cl(-), and F(-)) in precipitation. The pH of precipitation ranged from 4.1 to 7.6 for all of the samples with an annual volume-weighted mean of 6.4. While a large portion of the precipitation events were weakly acidic or alkaline, around 30% of the precipitation events in the autumn were strongly acidic. Precipitation events with air masses from the northeast and the southeast were weakly acidic while those with air masses from the northwest and the southwest were alkaline. SO(4)(2-), Ca(2+), NH(4)(+), and NO(3)(-) were dominant ions in the precipitation, accounting for 37%, 25%, 18%, and 9%, respectively, of the total analyzed ions. Ca(2+) and NH(4)(+) were found to be the major neutralizers of precipitation acidity; however, the contribution of Mg(2+), although much lower than those of Ca(2+) and NH(4)(+), was important, in many cases, in changing the precipitation from weakly acidic to weakly alkaline. Enrichment factor analysis confirmed that SO(4)(2-) and NO(3)(-) were produced from anthropogenic sources, Ca(2+), K(+), and 80% Mg(2+) were from crustal sources, and Na(+), Cl(-), and ∼20% of Mg(2+) were from marine sources. The annual wet depositions were estimated to be 3.5 t km(-2) per year for sulfur; 2.3 t km(-2) per year for nitrogen, of which 0.8 t km(-2) per year was oxidized nitrogen and 1.5 t km(-2) per year was reduced nitrogen; and 3.0 t km(-2) per year for Ca(2+).

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