Effects of transport patterns on chemical composition of sequential rain samples: trajectory clustering and principal component analysis approach

Anıl, Ismail; Alagha, Omar; Karaca, Ferhat

doi:10.1007/s11869-017-0504-x

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Factor analysis (FA) is a multivariate statistical method that has been frequently used to identify the sources of chemical composition in a wet deposition (Başak and Alagha, 2004;Uygur et al, 2010;Anil et al, 2017). This technique simply separates the variables into groups called factors according to their variation and common variance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rainwater chemical composition can reveal significant information on the degree of pollution and could help to assess the atmospheric deposition and transport of acidifying, neutralizing, and eutrophying species, heavy metals, and aerosols (Alagha and Tuncel, 2003;Tiwari et al, 2016;Anil et al, 2017). Furthermore, statistical evaluation of rainwater chemical composition data can provide insights into the necessary control and management practices to reduce and mitigate air pollution (Alagha and Tuncel, 2003;Başak and Alagha, 2004;Akkoyunlu et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Source Identification of Episodic Rain Pollutants by New Approach: Combining Satellite Observations and Backward Air Mass Trajectories

Anıl

Alagha

Blaisi

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, various source apportionment methods, viz., enrichment factor, relative source contribution, and factor analysis in addition to cluster analysis coupled with satellite observations, were used to investigate the origin of rainwater pollutants in an arid urban area of Saudi Arabia. The rainwater samples were collected by an automatic wet-only sequential rain sampler and analyzed for their pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and major ions (Cl-, NO 3-, SO 4 2-, HCO 3-, Na + , K + , NH 4 + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+). The results revealed that the chemical composition was dominated by Ca 2+ , SO 4 2-, Cl-, HCO 3-, and Na + , which represented 80% of the total ionic equivalent concentration. Ca 2+ , the most abundant ion, exhibited a mean concentration of 480 µeq L-1 and accounted for 30% of the total ionic equivalent concentration. The study area received a total ionic wet deposition flux (F WD) of 4.07 tons km-2 y-1 , and SO 4 2and NO 3contributed 76% and 24%, respectively, of the rainwater acidity. Ca 2+ was responsible for 80% of the rainwater's neutralization. The source apportionment indicated that intense local human activity and medium-to long-range transport from Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, Riyadh, and the Western Province produced the majority of the anthropogenic components (SO 4 2-, NO 3-, and NH 4 +), which represented 47% of the total ionic F WD. However, moderate to high particulate matter loads over the southern part of Saudi Arabia and long-range transport from Iraq and Kuwait contributed the crustal components (Ca 2+ , HCO 3-, K + , and Mg 2+), which accounted for 36% of the total ionic F WD , whereas the Arabian Gulf was the primary source of the marine components (Na + and Cl-). We found combining satellite observations and cluster analysis of backward air mass trajectories to be an effective new approach for assessing the source-receptor relationships for atmospheric air pollutants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Identification of Episodic Rain Pollutants by New Approach: Combining Satellite Observations and Backward Air Mass Trajectories

Anıl

Alagha

Blaisi

et al. 2019

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…During the simulations, the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) (Draxler and Rolph 2013) was used to quantitatively analyze the distribution of aerosols based on 1°×1°meteorological data (GDAS-Global Data Assimilation System) from NCEP. In order to find the dominant trajectories, cluster analysis was used (Anil et al 2017).…”

Section: Cluster Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

Keresztesi

Niţă

Bîrsan

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The aim of this study is the assessment of rainwater composition, regarding the various sources of major ions and heavy metals, taking into account the characteristic atmospheric circulations and the main air mass transport routes. Rainwater samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, major ions, and heavy metals. At all sampling sites, the most abundant anions were SO 4 2ā nd Clˉ, while the dominant cations were Ca 2+ and Mg 2+. Regarding heavy metals, the dominance of Pb and Cd was found. The contribution of soil dust from the mining activities and the dissolution of CaCO 3 , MgCO 3 , and CaSO 4 •2H 2 O in the rainwater explains the high concentrations of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and SO 4 2−. The overall precipitation contamination with heavy metals at the three sampling sites was assessed by the degree of contamination, showing that Pb and Cd presents the highest risks of all heavy metals. The values of toxicity potential suggested an elevated risk for human health in case of rainwater ingestion, especially in rural areas. Spearman correlation and PCA indicated that the chemical characteristic of the rainwater is primarily controlled by sources such as agricultural activities, mixed and crustal sources, traffic, and other anthropogenic, industrial influences, mining activities, smelting operations, coal combustion, and metal production.

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“…[73][74][75][76] These elements are linked to anthropogenic pollution, dust intrusion, crustal material resuspension and marine aerosols. [73][74][75][76] Without further investigation, we can only speculate where the rare earth elements in the Karachi rain originate from. Our data from Porto Alegre, where the concentration of Al, Fe and Zn are particularly high (Fe > Al > Zn), is supported by.…”

Section: àmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of 71 detected elements from Li to U for aqueous samples by simultaneous-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

et al. 2018

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Effects of transport patterns on chemical composition of sequential rain samples: trajectory clustering and principal component analysis approach

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Source Identification of Episodic Rain Pollutants by New Approach: Combining Satellite Observations and Backward Air Mass Trajectories

Source Identification of Episodic Rain Pollutants by New Approach: Combining Satellite Observations and Backward Air Mass Trajectories

The risk of cross-border pollution and the influence of regional climate on the rainwater chemistry in the Southern Carpathians, Romania

Quantification of 71 detected elements from Li to U for aqueous samples by simultaneous-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry

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