Spatial-temporal variation and risk factor analysis of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under 5 years old in Guangxi, China

Liu, Huan; Song, Genxin; He, Nan; Zhai, Shiyan; Song, Hongquan; Kong, Yali; Liang, Liyang; Liu, Xiaoxiao

doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7619-y

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In our study, the DCC size, based on the number of children, was a significant factor associated with HFMD in northern Thailand, and this result coincides with a study conducted in China reporting that children living in high-density areas had a greater chance of HFMD infection than those living in low-density areas [28]. Two more studies in China clearly demonstrated the association between population density and the occurrence of HFMD [29,30]. However, a study in Bangkok, Thailand reported that the most important factor underlying HFMD outbreaks was the number of close contacts with infected people [31], while density was not found to be associated with HFMD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

et al. 2020

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Background The major population vulnerable to hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is children aged less than 5 years, particularly those who are cared for at day care centers (DCCs). This study aimed to assess the associations of environmental and sanitation factors with high HFMD occurrence rates in DCCs of northern Thailand. Methods A case-control study was used to gather information from caregivers and local government administrative officers. DCCs in areas with high and low HFMD occurrence rates were the settings for this study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect environmental and sanitation information from the DCCs. In-depth interviews were used to collect information from selected participants who were working at DCCs and from local government administrative officers on the HFMD capacity and prevention and control strategies in DCCs. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between many environmental factors and HFMD at the α = 0.05 significance level while the content analysis was used to extract information from the interviews. Results Two variables were found to be associated with a high rate of HFMD occurrence: the number of sinks available in restrooms and the DCC size. Children attending DCCs that did not meet the standard in terms of the number of sinks in restrooms had a greater chance of contracting HFMD than children who were attending DCCs that met the standard (AOR = 4.21; 95% CI = 1.13–15.04). Children who were attending a large-sized DCC had a greater chance of contracting HFMD than those attending a small-sized DCC (AOR = 3.28; 95% CI = 1.21–5.18). The yearly budget allocation and the strategies for HFMD control and prevention, including collaborations among stakeholders for HFMD control and prevention in DCCs, were associated with the effectiveness of HFMD control and prevention. Conclusions The number of sinks in restrooms and DCC size are major concerns for HFMD outbreaks. Sufficient budget allocation and good collaboration contribute to effective strategies for preventing and controlling HFMD in DCCs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

et al. 2020

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“…To sum up, most of previous studies were mostly concentrated in areas with high incidence of HFMD, such as Hongkong [ 20 ], Guangdong [ 13 ], Guangxi [ 23 ] and Jiangsu [ 24 ]. The climate in these areas is significantly different from that in arid and semi-arid areas in Northwest China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal heterogeneity and meteorological factors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Xinjiang, China from 2008 to 2016

et al. 2021

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The study aims to depict the temporal and spatial distributions of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in Xinjiang, China and reveal the relationships between the incidence of HFMD and meteorological factors in Xinjiang. With the national surveillance data of HFMD in Xinjiang and meteorological parameters in the study area from 2008 to 2016, in GeoDetector Model, we examined the effects of meteorological factors on the incidence of HFMD in Xinjiang, China, tested the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of HFMD risk, and explored the temporal-spatial patterns of HFMD through the spatial autocorrelation analysis. From 2008 to 2016, the HFMD distribution showed a distinct seasonal pattern and HFMD cases typically occurred from May to July and peaked in June in Xinjiang. Relative humidity, precipitation, barometric pressure and temperature had the more significant influences on the incidence of HFMD than other meteorological factors with the explanatory power of 0.30, 0.29, 0.29 and 0.21 (P<0.000). The interaction between any two meteorological factors had a nonlinear enhancement effect on the risk of HFMD. The relative risk in Northern Xinjiang was higher than that in Southern Xinjiang. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis results indicated a fluctuating trend over these years: the positive spatial dependency on the incidence of HFMD in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2015, the negative spatial autocorrelation in 2009 and a random distribution pattern in 2011, 2013 and 2016. Our findings revealed the correlation between meteorological factors and the incidence of HFMD in Xinjiang. The correlation showed obvious spatiotemporal heterogeneity. The study provides the basis for the government to control HFMD based on meteorological information. The risk of HFMD can be predicted with appropriate meteorological factors for HFMD prevention and control.

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“…It analyzes the effects of atmospheric pollution and climatic factors on such incidences in northwestern China simultaneously for the very time, offering important implications for reducing them in western China, as well as for other regions with similar natural and social environments, such as the central region of the United States and Afghanistan. Besides meteorological factors and atmospheric pollutants, experts such as Gao et al ( 21 ), Liu et al ( 22 ), and Sun et al ( 23 ) have also started to gradually focus on the influence of socioeconomic factors on HFMD in recent years, providing ideas for further development of our study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Meteorological Factors and Atmospheric Pollution on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Urumqi Region

Ren

Cui

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a febrile rash infection caused by enteroviruses, spreading mainly via the respiratory tract and close contact. In the past two decades, HFMD has been prevalent mainly in Asia, including China and South Korea, causing a huge disease burden and putting the lives and health of children at risk. Therefore, a further study of the factors influencing HFMD incidences has far-reaching implications. In existing studies, the environmental factors affecting such incidences are mainly divided into two categories: meteorological and air. Among these studies, the former are the majority of studies on HFMD. Some scholars have studied both factors at the same, but the number is not large and the findings are quite different.MethodsWe collect monthly cases of HFMD in children, meteorological factors and atmospheric pollution in Urumqi from 2014 to 2020. Trend plots are used to understand the approximate trends between meteorological factors, atmospheric pollution and the number of HFMD cases. The association between meteorological factors, atmospheric pollution and the incidence of HFMD in the Urumqi region of northwest China is then investigated using multiple regression models.ResultsA total of 16,168 cases in children are included in this study. According to trend plots, the incidence of HFMD shows a clear seasonal pattern, with O3 (ug/m3) and temperature (°C) showing approximately the same trend as the number of HFMD cases, while AQI, PM2.5 (ug/m3), PM10 (ug/m3) and NO2 (ug/m3) all show approximately opposite trends to the number of HFMD cases. Based on multiple regression results, O3 (P = 0.001) and average station pressure (P = 0.037) are significantly and negatively associated with HFMD incidences, while SO2 (P = 0.102), average dew point temperature (P = 0.072), hail (P = 0.077), and thunder (P = 0.14) have weak significant relationships with them.

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Spatial-temporal variation and risk factor analysis of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children under 5 years old in Guangxi, China

Cited by 12 publications

References 39 publications

Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

Association of environmental factors and high HFMD occurrence in northern Thailand

Spatial-temporal heterogeneity and meteorological factors of hand-foot-and-mouth disease in Xinjiang, China from 2008 to 2016

Effects of Meteorological Factors and Atmospheric Pollution on Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease in Urumqi Region

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