Spatial scale of genetic structuring in coastal cod Gadus morhua and geographic extent of local populations

Jorde, Per Erik; Knutsen, Halvor; Espeland, Sigurd Heiberg; Stenseth, Nils Chr.

doi:10.3354/meps06922

Cited by 84 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similarly, we observe the specific affinity of one ancient Schleswig specimen toward a distinct population in the Øresund (70). This observation also suggests local spawning fidelity and agrees with fine-scale population structure reported for this region (70)(71)(72)(73). Overall, by identifying their most likely source population, we conclude that the ancient Haithabu cod were not caught locally, but around the Norwegian coast during historic spawning aggregations of NEA cod.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

Star

Boessenkool

Gondek

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

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Knowledge of the range and chronology of historic trade and long-distance transport of natural resources is essential for determining the impacts of past human activities on marine environments. However, the specific biological sources of imported fauna are often difficult to identify, in particular if species have a wide spatial distribution and lack clear osteological or isotopic differentiation between populations. Here, we report that ancient fishbone remains, despite being porous, brittle, and light, provide an excellent source of endogenous DNA (15-46%) of sufficient quality for whole-genome reconstruction. By comparing ancient sequence data to that of modern specimens, we determine the biological origin of 15 Viking Age (800-1066 CE) and subsequent medieval (1066-1280 CE) Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) specimens from excavation sites in Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom. Archaeological context indicates that one of these sites was a fishing settlement for the procurement of local catches, whereas the other localities were centers of trade. Fish from the trade sites show a mixed ancestry and are statistically differentiated from local fish populations. Moreover, Viking Age samples from Haithabu, Germany, are traced back to the North East Arctic Atlantic cod population that has supported the Lofoten fisheries of Norway for centuries. Our results resolve a long-standing controversial hypothesis and indicate that the marine resources of the North Atlantic Ocean were used to sustain an international demand for protein as far back as the Viking Age.genomics | high-throughput sequencing | trade | chromosomal inversion | fish bone

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

Star

Boessenkool

Gondek

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

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“…Yet, recent research shows that larval recruitment for some marine organisms, including cod, may occur on a local scale. In Atlantic cod, local recruitment has been linked to fine-scale habitat associations (Bradbury et al 2008) and egg and larval retention has been hypothesized as a mechanism promoting fine-scale genetic structure (Knutsen et al 2003, Jorde et al 2007). Norwegian cod may select spawning sites within sheltered fjords to minimize advection of pelagic larvae ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Population Structuringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While cod population structure has been the subject of extensive study in the northeast Atlantic (e.g. Hutchinson et al 2001, Knutsen et al 2003, Nielsen et al 2003, Jorde et al 2007) and in Canadian waters (Ruzzante et al 1996b, 1998, Beacham et al 2002, it has received much less attention in US waters (Lage et al 2004, Wirgin et al 2007). Much of the genetic diversity in this species may reside in smaller sedentary populations that may be particularly vulnerable to overharvest (Robichaud & Rose 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure of Atlantic cod off the Atlantic coast of the USA

Kovach¹,

Breton²,

Berlinsky³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in US waters are currently managed as 2 stocks: (1) a Gulf of Maine stock and (2) a Georges Bank and south stock. This designation is decades old and warrants re-evaluation in light of concerns that fisheries management units may not reflect biologically meaningful population units. In this study, we used 10 microsatellite loci, the PanI locus, and 5 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to characterize the population genetic structure of cod in US waters. We found significant differentiation among temporally and spatially divergent populations of cod (global F ST = 0.0044), primarily stemming from 2 potentially non-neutral loci, and evidence for a population structure that strongly contradicts the current 2-stock management model. This genetic structure was stable over a 5 yr period. Our results indicate that cod in US waters are broadly structured into 3 groups: (1) a northern spring-spawning coastal complex in the Gulf of Maine (GOM), (2) a southern complex consisting of winter-spawning inshore GOM, offshore GOM and sites south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and (3) a Georges Bank population. The strongest differentiation occurs between populations in the northern and southern complex (mean F ST = 0.0085), some of which spawn in the same bays in different seasons. By means of mixture analysis, young-of-the-year fish sampled on juvenile nurseries were assigned to the spawning complex of their origin. Our findings contribute to a growing body of knowledge that Atlantic cod and other marine fish populations are structured on a finer scale than previously thought and that this structure supports biocomplexity and locally adapted populations. As such, it may be warranted to re-evaluate current management units and tailor management plans toward this finer scale.KEY WORDS: Atlantic cod · Microsatellite DNA · Single nucleotide polymorphism · Population genetic structure · Stock identification · Gadus morhua Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 410: [177][178][179][180][181][182][183][184][185][186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195] 2010 the importance of processes that limit dispersal and promote self-replenishment of local populations, such as sedentary adult life history strategies (Robichaud & Rose 2004, Howell et al. 2008, spawning site fidelity (Taggart 1997), natal homing (Thorrold et al. 2001, Svedäng et al. 2007), egg and larval retention (Jones et al. 1999, 2005, Bradbury et al. 2008) and local adaptation (McIntyre & Hutchings 2003, Conover et al. 2006, Hutchings et al. 2007). The implications of such fine-scale population structure are important for effective management (Palumbi 2003, Bradbury et al. 2008, Reiss et al. 2009).One marine fish species known to exhibit fine-scale population structure in parts of its distribution is Atlantic cod Gadus morhua L. (see reviews in Waldman 2005 andCarvalho 2008). Atlantic cod is one of the most commercially important marine fishes in the world and comprises a p...

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“…This was largely due to the wide dispersal potential of pelagic eggs and larvae in oceanic currents and frequently-observed migrations in older fish. However, genetic and demographic structure is increasingly being documented at relatively fine spatial scales (Conover et al 2006, Jorde et al 2007, Hauser & Carvalho 2008, Knutsen et al 2011. The mechanisms used to explain such population structure in marine environments include the retention of eggs and larvae in currents or eddies (Sponaugle et al 2002, Morgan et al 2009, Ciannelli et al 2010, high mortality of dispersing individuals (Koehn et al 1980), and the homing of larval and mature fish to natal habitats (Jones et al 1999, Thorrold et al 2001.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat effects on population connectivity in a coastal seascape

Rogers¹,

Olsen²,

Knutsen³

et al. 2014

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Knowing how population connectivity varies across heterogeneous habitats can provide insight into the mechanisms underlying population structuring, and ultimately help to inform conservation and management actions. We studied whether the spatial extent of connectivity in coastal Atlantic cod Gadus morhua varied with coastal topography, hypothesizing that connectivity during all life stages would be greater among open, exposed habitats compared to sheltered, fjord-like habitats. We tested this hypothesis using (1) an extensive mark-recapture data set to analyze movements of age 1+ cod along a gradient from inshore (sheltered) to offshore (exposed) habitats, and (2) an analysis of demographic dependence (recruitment synchrony) among exposed versus sheltered areas using a 93 yr spatially explicit time series of juvenile (age-0) abundance. We found that habitat did have a significant effect on both the scale of recruitment synchrony and movement distances, both of which were greater in exposed regions relative to sheltered. However, even in open habitats, tagged cod were highly sedentary, and connectivity among regions due to movement of age 1+ individuals was exceptionally low. Thus, despite likely differences among habitats in dispersal of egg and larval stages, older cod were highly site-attached regardless of habitat. These results highlight how physical habitat interacts with behavior to determine the scale of population structuring in marine fishes.

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Spatial scale of genetic structuring in coastal cod Gadus morhua and geographic extent of local populations

Cited by 84 publications

References 38 publications

Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

Ancient DNA reveals the Arctic origin of Viking Age cod from Haithabu, Germany

Fine-scale spatial and temporal genetic structure of Atlantic cod off the Atlantic coast of the USA

Habitat effects on population connectivity in a coastal seascape

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