Spatial Patterns of Trees and Structuring Factors in a Trachypogon Savanna of the Orinoco Llanos

Jose, Juan; Fariñas, Mario; Rosales, Judith

doi:10.2307/2388296

Cited by 39 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…We include environments with uniform randomly distributed resources in our simulations because this was the focal type of environment studied in the seminal work for the Le ´vy flight foraging hypothesis [3]. Uniform distributions also describe several species' distributions; some examples are trees, shrubs, marine invertebrates, and three-spined sticklebacks [49][50][51][52][53]. Patches are distributed by taking a random uniform sample, with replacement, of all possible locations on the matrix.…”

Section: Generation Of Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary maintenance of Lévy flight foraging

2022

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Lévy flight is a type of random walk that characterizes the behaviour of many natural phenomena studied across a multiplicity of academic disciplines; within biology specifically, the behaviour of fish, birds, insects, mollusks, bacteria, plants, slime molds, t-cells, and human populations. The Lévy flight foraging hypothesis states that because Lévy flights can maximize an organism’s search efficiency, natural selection should result in Lévy-like behaviour. Empirical and theoretical research has provided ample evidence of Lévy walks in both extinct and extant species, and its efficiency across models with a diversity of resource distributions. However, no model has addressed the maintenance of Lévy flight foraging through evolutionary processes, and existing models lack ecological breadth. We use numerical simulations, including lineage-based models of evolution with a distribution of move lengths as a variable and heritable trait, to test the Lévy flight foraging hypothesis. We include biological and ecological contexts such as population size, searching costs, lifespan, resource distribution, speed, and consider both energy accumulated at the end of a lifespan and averaged over a lifespan. We demonstrate that selection often results in Lévy-like behaviour, although conditional; smaller populations, longer searches, and low searching costs increase the fitness of Lévy-like behaviour relative to Brownian behaviour. Interestingly, our results also evidence a bet-hedging strategy; Lévy-like behaviour reduces fitness variance, thus maximizing geometric mean fitness over multiple generations.

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Section: Generation Of Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary maintenance of Lévy flight foraging

2022

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“…Thus the expectation is that competitive mortality should shift the spacing of surviving trees to a more uniform arrangement (Leps and Kindlmann, 1987;Kenkel, 1988;e.g., Stanislav and Leps, 1996; although see Murrell, 2009). Under this framework, the existence of uniformity in tree spacing or an increase in the uniformity in tree spacing with tree age or size is taken as evidence of competitive mortality (e.g., Phillips and Macmahon, 1981;Prentice and Werger, 1985;Jose et al, 1991;Skarpe, 1991;Moeur, 1997;Druckenbrod et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of competition to tree mortality in old-growth coniferous forests

Das

Battles

Stephenson³

et al. 2011

Forest Ecology and Management

133

100

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“…We include environments with uniform randomly distributed resources in our simulations because this was the focal type of environment studied in the seminal work for the Lévy flight foraging hypothesis [3]. Uniform distributions also describe several species' distributions; some examples are trees, shrubs, marine invertebrates, and September 16, 2021 5/30 three-spined sticklebacks [49][50][51][52][53]. Patches are distributed by taking a random uniform sample, with replacement, of all possible locations on the matrix.…”

Section: Uniform Random Distribution Of Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary maintenance of Lévy flight foraging

Campeau

Simons

Stevens

2021

Preprint

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Lévy flight is a type of random walk that models the behaviour of many phenomena across a multiplicity of academic disciplines; within biology specifically, the behaviour of fish, birds, insects, mollusks, bacteria, plants, slime molds, t-cells, and human populations. The Lévy flight foraging hypothesis states that because Lévy flights can maximize an organism’s search efficiency, natural selection should result in Lévy-like behaviour. Empirical and theoretical research has provided ample evidence of Lévy walks in both extinct and extant species, and its efficiency across models with a diversity of resource distributions. However, no model has addressed the maintenance of Lévy flight foraging through evolutionary processes, and existing models lack ecological breadth. We use numerical simulations, including lineage-based models of evolution with a distribution of move lengths as a variable and heritable trait, to test the Lévy flight foraging hypothesis. We include biological and ecological contexts such as population size, searching costs, lifespan, resource distribution, speed, and consider both energy accumulated at the end of a lifespan and averaged over a lifespan. We demonstrate that selection often results in Lévy-like behaviour, although conditional; smaller populations, longer searches, and low searching costs increase the fitness of Lévy-like behaviour relative to Brownian behaviour. Interestingly, our results also evidence a bet-hedging strategy; Lévy-like behaviour reduces fitness variance, thus maximizing geometric mean fitness over multiple generations.

show abstract

Spatial Patterns of Trees and Structuring Factors in a Trachypogon Savanna of the Orinoco Llanos

Cited by 39 publications

References 35 publications

The evolutionary maintenance of Lévy flight foraging

The evolutionary maintenance of Lévy flight foraging

The contribution of competition to tree mortality in old-growth coniferous forests

The evolutionary maintenance of Lévy flight foraging

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