Spatial pattern and determinants of HIV infection among adults aged 15 to 54 years in India – Evidence from National Family Health Survey‐4 (2015‐16)

Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Majella, Marie Gilbert; Rajaa, Sathish; Bharathi, Arivarasan; Saya, Ganesh Kumar

doi:10.1111/tmi.13551

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…A study in Rio de Janeiro highlighted the association between urbanization and a high HIV incidence rate 33 . Geographical clustering is a common phenomenon in urban areas and has also been identified in other countries such as India and Ethiopia 34,35 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The economic, demographic, and social dynamics of the coastal region are influenced by the dynamism of the Port of Paranaguá, and other factors such as the location of the state's major roadways, high fluctuating population density, mobility, seasonal labor migration, and tourism are elements that can contribute to the propagation and maintenance of HIV 34,37 . These characteristics, also recognized in border regions, represent critical points facilitating multiple casual partners, unprotected sexual relations, drug concentration, and sexual exploitation 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV and AIDS in the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2022: trends and spatiotemporal distribution

Montanha,

Gioia,

Ramos

et al. 2024

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of the incidence rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: An ecological study with an analytical component of time series analysis was conducted in the state of Paraná from 2007 to 2022. The data source was the Notifiable Diseases Information System. To study the trend, the Prais–Winsten generalized linear regression model was used by decomposing the time series, and for spatial analysis, the Moran's index was applied. Results: The total sample consisted of 50,676 HIV/AIDS records. The incidence rate showed an increasing trend, with an average growth of 2.14% [95% confidence interval – 95%CI 1.16–3.13] per month. From 2007 to 2014 and from 2015 to 2022, the average number of cases in the state was 105.64 and 159.20 per 100,000 inhabitants, respectively, with significant variation among municipalities. Spatial clusters of high risk persisted in the metropolitan region, the capital, and coastal areas, and a new cluster was observed in the northern region of the state. Conclusion: The incidence rates of HIV/AIDS showed an upward trend over time. The number of cases varied considerably in some municipalities, especially in the coastal region. Spatial analysis revealed geospatial patterns of high risk in the main metropolitan areas of Paraná: Curitiba (including the coastal area), Londrina, and Maringá, which share characteristics such as a high degree of urbanization and ongoing economic development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and AIDS in the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2022: trends and spatiotemporal distribution

Montanha,

Gioia,

Ramos

et al. 2024

Rev. bras. epidemiol.

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“…Prevalence of STI/RTI ranged from 11–17% in Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Jharkhand to 21–22% in Bihar and Tamil Nadu among the study participants [ 60 ]. The overall prevalence of HIV infection among the general population in India was reportedly 0.24% (95% CI: 0.21%–0.28%) [ 73 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key determinants influencing sexual risk behaviours and the vulnerability of AGYW to STIs and HIV are primarily rooted in socioeconomic contexts, relationship dynamics, proximal factors, substance use, and awareness levels about STIs/HIV [30, 39,44,56,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79]. Socioeconomic factors such as age, educational attainment, marital status, economic status, and PLOS ONE overall living conditions significantly dictate the vulnerability of AGYW to these health risks [4,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among adolescent girls and young women in India: A rapid review

Paul,

Sharma,

Dayal

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Limited evidence is available on the vulnerability of Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) to sexual risk behaviour and STI/HIV. Though there are almost no statistics available on vulnerability, related literature suggests that AGYW have low awareness about sexual risk behaviour/ transmission and the prevalence of STI/HIV, making them vulnerable. We conducted a rapid review of peer-reviewed studies addressing transmission network, prevalence, incidence awareness, common determinants of sexual risk behaviour/STI/HIV, health-seeking behaviour and existing interventions addressing the situation among AGYW (age 15–24) to inform the evidence gap in this crucial area of research. We registered the study in PROSPERO (CRD42023403713). We developed detailed inclusion/exclusion criteria, searched JSTOR, PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Population Council Knowledge Commons databases and followed the guidance from Cochrane Rapid Review to develop the rapid review. We also searched the bibliography of the included studies. We included the English language peer-reviewed quantitative, qualitative, mixed method studies published from Jan 1 2000 to Mar 31 2023. Six reviewers extracted data, and the seventh reviewer independently assessed the quality. Ninety-six studies met the inclusion criteria. We used descriptive statistics and narrative synthesis methods for data analysis. We also conducted a Risk of Bias Assessment (RoB) to check the quality of the included studies. Inadequate literature was found on the transmission network. Prevalence and awareness of STI/HIV are low among AGYW. However, Female Sex Workers, sex-trafficked women or drug users in this age group suffer more. Age, education, income, relationship dynamics with spouses/partners, multiple partners, and substance use are crucial in determining STI/HIV. Traditional sources of health seeking are more popular than formal sources because of social stigma. Mass media campaigns, community mobilization programs, and life skills training programs increase awareness about HIV, condom use and self-efficacy. The inclusion of only English language studies and not conducting meta-analysis because of high heterogeneity are some of the limitations of the study.

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“…Previous studies have also concluded that TB is strongly associated with poverty and poor living conditions. [38][39][40] In South Korea and Northeast Brazil, demographic and socioeconomic conditions had strong explanatory power in making spatial differences in TB incidence. TB was more prevalent in areas with poor socioeconomic levels and high population density.…”

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confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporally Comparative Analysis of HIV, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, HIV-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in Jiangsu Province, China

Wu¹,

Fu²,

Qin³

et al. 2023

IDR

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Purpose Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is a severe chronic communicable disease that causes a heavy disease burden in China. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and PTB coinfection dramatically increases the risk of death. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal dynamics of HIV, PTB and HIV-PTB coinfection in Jiangsu Province, China, and explores the impact of socioeconomic determinants. Patients and Methods The data on all notified HIV, PTB and HIV-PTB coinfection cases were extracted from Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention. We applied the seasonal index to identify high-risk periods of the disease. Time trend, spatial autocorrelation and SaTScan were used to analyze temporal trends, hotspots and spatiotemporal clusters of diseases. The Bayesian space-time model was conducted to examine the socioeconomic determinants. Results The case notification rate (CNR) of PTB decreased from 2011 to 2019 in Jiangsu Province, but the CNR of HIV and HIV-PTB coinfection had an upward trend. The seasonal index of PTB was the highest in March, and its hotspots were mainly distributed in the central and northern parts, such as Xuzhou, Suqian, Lianyungang and Taizhou. HIV had the highest seasonal index in July and HIV-PTB coinfection had the highest seasonal index in June, with their hotspots mainly distributed in southern Jiangsu, involving Nanjing, Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou. The Bayesian space-time interaction model showed that socioeconomic factor and population density were negatively correlated with the CNR of PTB, and positively associated with the CNR of HIV and HIV-PTB coinfection. Conclusion The spatial heterogeneity and spatiotemporal clusters of PTB, HIV and HIV-PTB coinfection are exhibited obviously in Jiangsu. More comprehensive interventions should be applied to target TB in the northern part. While in southern Jiangsu, where the economic level is well-developed and the population density is high, we should strengthen the prevention and control of HIV and HIV-PTB coinfection.

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Spatial pattern and determinants of HIV infection among adults aged 15 to 54 years in India – Evidence from National Family Health Survey‐4 (2015‐16)

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

HIV and AIDS in the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2022: trends and spatiotemporal distribution

HIV and AIDS in the state of Paraná, Brazil, 2007-2022: trends and spatiotemporal distribution

Vulnerability to Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) / Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) among adolescent girls and young women in India: A rapid review

Spatiotemporally Comparative Analysis of HIV, Pulmonary Tuberculosis, HIV-Pulmonary Tuberculosis Coinfection in Jiangsu Province, China

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