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This review was done to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among adult general population in India. We also wanted to find the gender, setting, and regionwide distribution of MS in India. Methods We conducted systematic searches in various databases including Medline, ScienceDirect, Cochrane library and Google Scholar from inception until August 2019. We included studies conducted in India reporting the prevalence of MS among adults aged 18 years or more. We used the Newcastle Ottawa scale to assess the quality of included studies. We carried out a meta-analysis with random-effects model and reported pooled prevalence with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We used the Funnel plot to assess publication biases. Results In total, we analysed 113 data from 111 studies with 133,926 participants. Majority of the included studies (76 out of 111) had low risk of bias. We found significant heterogeneity among the included studies (p<0.001). We also found a symmetrical funnel plot indicating an absence of publication bias. The prevalence of MS among adult population in India was 30% (95%CI: 28%-33%). There was a steady increase in the burden across the age groups from 13% (18-29 years group) to 50% (50-59 years). We also found that people living in urban areas (32%; 95%CI: 29%-36%) had higher prevalence when compared to tribal (28%; 95%CI: 21%-36%) or rural adults (22%; 95%CI: 20%-25%). Gender distribution of MS showed that the females had higher prevalence (35%; 95%CI: 31%-38%) when compared to males 26% (95%CI: 22%-29%). Conclusion Almost one in three adults in India suffer from MS. Females, people living in urban areas and in northeast region had higher prevalence of MS. Development and implementation of

Introduction Pre-existing comorbid conditions in COVID-19 patients are risk factors for developing severe disease and death. We aimed to determine the association of chronic liver disease (CLD), a comorbid condition, with severity of disease and death among COVID-19 patients. Methods We searched for studies reporting COVID-19 outcomes among CLD and non-CLD patients in databases including Medline, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from inception of the pandemic until February 2022. Risk of bias assessment was conducted by using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for assessing the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. We conducted a meta-analysis with a random-effects model and reported pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Results We included 40 studies with 908,032 participants. Most studies were conducted in China and the US. COVID-19 patients with CLD had significantly higher odds of having a severe form of COVID-19 (pooled OR = 2.44; 95% CI, 1.89–3.16) and death (pooled OR = 2.35; 95% CI, 1.85–3.00) when compared with COVID-19 patients without CLD. Conclusion The presence of CLD is significantly related to adverse clinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients in terms of severity and mortality. Clinicians should develop a comprehensive intervention plan to manage these high-risk patients and reduce COVID-19–related deaths.

I N TRODUC T IONTuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to a single infectious agent globally. In 2018, almost 10 million TB cases were reported as per WHO [1]. Worldwide, TB incidence is falling at a rate of about 2% per year. However, further efforts are needed to ramp it up to 4-5% annual decline and reach the end TB goal [1]. WHO

World Health Organisation (WHO) has estimated that around nine out of ten individuals breathe polluted air globally. 1 Air pollution is one of the man-made disasters, having a significant impact on human's daily life. 2 It has a deleterious effect on the individuals' physical health and mental well-being. 3 Air pollution is the fifth leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for 6.4 million deaths in the year 2015. 4 Out of these, nearly 2.8 million deaths occur due to indoor air pollution, that is, household pollution as a result of solid fuel usage. 4 Indoor air pollution is an important determinant for large spectrum of respiratory diseases ranging from acute and chronic respiratory infections to cancers of the lungs and upper respiratory tract. [5][6][7][8] Women and children are widely exposed to indoor air pollution, as they spend maximum time at home. 9 Indoor air pollution also extends its impact on the natural history of several other cardiovascular diseases, low birth weight, stillbirths among pregnant women, exacerbation of asthma and tuberculosis, cataract, and blindness. 10,11 These effects are tailored down to inhalation of the liberated sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatics and particulate matter. 9