Spatial modeling of leprosy in the state of Bahia and its social determinants: a study of health inequities

Abstract

Background: Leprosy is a neglected disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae . Brazil has the second largest number of cases in the world. Objectives: To analyze the spatial distribution of leprosy in the state of BAHIA, Brazil, and the association between his occurrence and the synthetic indicators of municipal socioeconomic performance, social vulnerability and income inequality. Methods: An ecological study with secondary data obtained from the National System of Notifiable Diseases. Dependent variables: coefficient of detection in the general population and in the population under 15 years old and the rate of grade II of physical disability. Independent variables: Synthetic indicators of socioeconomic performance, social vulnerability and income inequality. Results: The highest coefficients of detection of new cases in the general population and in children under 15 years old are concentrated in the north-west axis and in the southern region of the state. On the other hand, the highest rates of degree II of physical incapacity are concentrated in the north, northeast and south regions. Only the Index of Social and Economic Performance(IPESE)-Economy and Finance composed the final regression model of the general detection coefficients and in children under 15 years old. The municipalities with the highest indexes had the highest detection coefficients, reflecting the capacity to diagnose new cases. Study limitations: The use of synthetic indicators is a limitation of the study. Conclusions: Leprosy presents a heterogeneous spatial pattern in the state of BAHIA, and the IPESE-Economics and Finance indicator is the only one with explanatory potential of the disease.

Epidemiological, temporal and spatial dynamics of leprosy in a municipality in northeastern Brazil (2008-2017): an ecological study

“…Brazil has the second highest number of annual diagnoses and was the only country that did not reach the goal of eliminating the disease as a public health problem (HP) by the year 2015 10,12 . The spatial distribution of leprosy is quite heterogeneous among the geographic regions of Brazil 13,14,15,16 . The Mid West Region (37.27/100 thousand inhabitants) had the highest general detection rate between 2012-2016, followed by the North Region (34.27/100 thousand inhabitants).…”

“…The spatial distribution of leprosy is quite heterogeneous among the geographic regions of Brazil 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 . The Mid West Region (37.27/100 thousand inhabitants) had the highest general detection rate between 2012-2016, followed by the North Region (34.27/100 thousand inhabitants).…”

Características do perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase em um município do nordeste brasileiro, no período de 2014 a 2019 / Features of the epidemiological profile of leprosy in a northeast brazilian municipality, from 2014 to 2019

“…As pesquisam buscam explicações em relação aos fatores que são determinantes para a incidência da hanseníase, principalmente para elucidar a distribuição dos casos, e assim diminuir a incidência da hanseníase (SOUZA et al, 2019). Diversas regiões do Brasil conseguiram atingir a diminuição ou a eliminação de casos de hanseníase, entretanto no Nordeste brasileiro, os números da doença permanecem crescentes, tornando-se uma situação preocupante para a saúde pública (MINISTÉRIO DA SAÚDE, 2018).…”

Análise Temporal da Incidência de Hanseníase e suas Reações em uma Região Hiperendêmica

“…A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, tendo como agente etiológico o Mycobacterium leprae, parasita intracelular obrigatório (Souza et al, 2019). Segundo o Ministério da Saúde, a hanseníase é definida como uma doença crônica, infectocontagiosa, com afinidade por células cutâneas e células de Schwann que interferem nos nervos periféricos, sendo considerada um problema de saúde pública (Brasil, 2017).…”